Building doors and windows are a kind of fittings in construction engineering and an important part of the envelope structure. Building doors and windows not only have the function of wind, rain, heat preservation and sound insulation, but its decorative effect and artistic effect are always inseparable parts of architects in architectural creation. Through the form of doors and windows, divisions and combinations, it can reflect and reflect the characteristics, features, symbols and meanings of the buildings. The doors and windows in the Chinese classical garden architecture fully reflect the artistic features of the landscape architecture and the paintings in the landscape. The form and characteristics of the building doors and windows in European architecture fully demonstrate its solemn and elegant effects. Modern architecture should reflect the fast-paced life and work characteristics of modern people.
Reasonable choice of building doors and windows
First, open the choice of form windows and doors
Doors and windows of different opening forms have a certain scope of application, and should be properly selected according to the requirements of use, the size of the opening, technical economy, material supply and processing conditions. When determining the size of the opening, attention should be paid to the structural features of the various opening forms to ensure the necessary clearance dimensions. The hole size should be minimized, the type of window should be reduced, the material specifications should be unified, the cutting should be simplified, and the standardization and interchangeability of doors and windows should be considered to create conditions for factory production.
Second, various opening forms, uses and characteristics
1. Casement window (outside swing, inner swing): The casement window is simple in structure and the most common in application, which is convenient for installing screens. The drainage problem of the outer casement window is easy to solve, and does not occupy the indoor space when it is opened, but the opening fan has the disadvantage of being scraped or damaged by the wind. When the window sash is odd, it is inconvenient to rub the outer glass. Building windows should solve the problem of glass cleaning. When the window is opened outside the building and the window sash is odd (1, 3, 5) and the middle fan is fixed, the window cleaning is not safe. Therefore, the design should consider the problem of easy window cleaning. There are two basic ways to solve odd open windows: (1) Design the middle fan into a special opening mode: for example, the middle fan is open, the middle is a live fan or the push-pull type. (2) Use a special device to keep the side frame open at an appropriate distance from the window frame.
2, sliding window (horizontal push-pull, vertical push-pull): sliding window does not occupy the indoor space, the sash is in a good state of force, suitable for installing larger glass, but the ventilation area is limited.
3, suspended window (hanging, hanging, hanging): the outer opening of the hanging window has good rainproof effect, but limited by the opening angle, the ventilation effect is poor. The inner hanging and lower hanging windows occupy the indoor space, and are mostly used for rooms with special requirements or indoor high windows. The mid-hung window has a simple structure and good ventilation effect, and is mostly used for high side windows.
4, vertical turn window (window window): good air intake effect, poor rain and tightness, mostly used for low side windows. The air intake window is suitable for industrial plants that emit a lot of heat and dust. It has natural ventilation and shading function. It can be opened by bolts to open 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° air intake windows. When fixed by connecting rod bolts, it can be opened. Any angle. The width of the wall should be greater than the maximum wall width of the sash.
5. Transfer window: The transfer window generally has flat open, horizontal push-pull, vertical push-pull, rotary and box type. The design should be selected according to specific requirements. Rotary transfer window, often used as a dark, light-proof transmission window. The box-type transfer window has two sashes, and the switch linkage is arranged such that one of the windows is often kept closed.
6, blinds: blinds have fixed, movable two, blinds generally have the function of ventilation, sun, waterproof, block the line of sight. When the rain and light shielding requirements are high, movable or special-shaped fixed blades can be used. If there is lighting requirement, transparent or translucent blades can be used.
7. Traditional residential windows: In addition to traditional residential buildings, traditional residential windows are also suitable for garden buildings, such as tea houses, restaurants, cultural gardens, and cultural centers. In the past, wood was used as a traditional residential window. With the development of chemical building materials, PVC plastic profiles or aluminum profiles can also be used. However, it should be imitation wood from the surface treatment.
How to choose building doors and windows
1. High-rise civil buildings: including office buildings, comprehensive buildings, tourist buildings, aluminum alloy doors and windows or PVC plastic doors and windows, inner casement windows or sliding windows.
2, residential buildings: generally include residential, tourist hotels, hospital ward buildings, apartment buildings, collective dormitories, kindergartens, etc., should use the door and window with small heat transfer coefficient and good energy-saving effect. Can choose PVC plastic door and window profile hollow glass, or insulated aluminum alloy door and window profile hollow glass, can also choose low-radiation insulating glass or ordinary double-layer window.
3, residential quarters: residential buildings, including multi-storey residential or public construction, the choice of PVC plastic doors and windows is more appropriate, high-rise residential buildings in the community, if you can meet the wind pressure requirements, PVC plastic doors and windows should be used. [ Follow the WeChat public account "Jiuzhengmen Window Network"; pay attention to courtesy, scan code to send millions of business opportunities ]
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