When farmers buy fertilizers, they are more concerned about the quality of fertilizers. How to identify the quality of fertilizers has always been a hot issue for farmers. At present, the fertilizers sold on the market can be divided into four categories: single element fertilizer, compound fertilizer, mixed fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer.
First, the identification of single element fertilizer.
The most common counterfeit nitrogen fertilizers on the market, such as fake urea, generally have two situations: First, the composition of the whole bag is inconsistent. If the fluidity at the upper mouth of the bag is good, the underflow does not flow or even agglomerates, and a strong volatile ammonia smell can be smelled. Basically, it can be judged that the above is urea, and the following is pseudo-doped ammonium bicarbonate. If the upper and lower fluidity is very good, but the color and particle size of the particles are inconsistent, it may be pseudo-doped ammonium nitrate. In another case, the composition of the whole bag of fertilizer is consistent. Common counterfeit substances are: Jihua granule ammonium nitrate , Russia's granular ammonium nitrate, and some macromolecular organics, such as polyols. Although the particle size, color, and solubility of the above substances are similar to those of urea, the following methods can still be used to identify:
1. Appearance: Urea is white translucent particles, and the surface is non-reflective; while the surface of ammonium nitrate particles has obvious color and reflection; the polyol is opaque milky white particles, and there is no color and no reflection.
2, feel: urea is smooth, loose, no moisture feeling; although ammonium nitrate is smooth, but there is a wet feeling; although the polyol is loose and no moisture, but it is not smooth.
3, fire: three substances are placed on the red wood carbon or iron plate, urea melts, white smoke, ammonia smell; ammonium nitrate burns intensely, emits strong light and white smoke, and is mixed with "å—¤??å—¤??" sound; polyol decomposition and combustion, but no ammonia.
The single-unit phosphate fertilizers circulating in the market are mainly calcium. The counterfeit materials found are: phosphogypsum, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, waste cement residue, brick powder. The main methods of identification are as follows:
1. Appearance: the loose calcium powder is gray and has a sour taste; the phosphogypsum is grayish white hexagonal column crystal or crystalline powder, and has no sour taste; the color of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is grayish green or grayish brown, and has no sour taste; Very dry vitreous fine or fine powder; waste cement residue is gray powder, dull, hard block, coarse grain, no sour; brick powder color blue, coarse grain, no sour.
2, feel: calcium is heavy, feels greasy; phosphogypsum texture is light, feel cotton, relatively frivolous; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is heavy, hand feel cotton, dry; waste cement residue is heavy, not dry, hard cement The slag exists; the brick powder feels blemish, does not dry, and brick slag exists.
3. Water solubility: the calcium is partially dissolved in water; the phosphogypsum is completely soluble in water; the calcium magnesium phosphate is insoluble in water; the waste cement powder and the brick slurry are precipitated in the case of water.
4. If the following phenomenon occurs in the identification of phosphate fertilizer: if there are obvious impurities such as clods, stones and coal slag in the calcium, it can be judged as inferior product; if the acidity is too strong and the water is large, it is uncooked. Unqualified non-finished products; if the color is found to be black, the hand feels twitching and squeezing, and it is not a fake fly ash.
Second, the identification of compound fertilizer
More counterfeit compound fertilizers appear on the market are diammonium phosphate. The counterfeit materials found are: nitrophosphate fertilizer, heavy superphosphate (three materials), granular superphosphate, although they are similar to the color, particle and compressive strength of diammonium phosphate, but the difference in nutrients, species, content and price It is very big. The nutrient content of diammonium phosphate is P2O546?48%, N16?18%; the nutrient content of nitrophosphate is P2O511?13%, N25?27%; the nutrient content of heavy superphosphate (three materials) is P2O542?46%; The nutrient content of the particulate superphosphate is P2O514?18%. The difference between them is as follows:
1. Appearance: Diammonium phosphate (made in the United States) is irregular particles in the absence of moisture. Its center is dark brown and its edges are slightly yellow. The outer edge of the particles is slightly translucent. After damp, the particles are dark brown and dark, without yellow and The edge is transparent and has a very small amount of pinkish white on the surface after the water is applied. The nitrophosphate fertilizer is also irregular particles, the color is dark brown, and the surface is smooth. The particles of heavy superphosphate (three materials) are dark gray. The superphosphate particles are light in color, gray in color, and have a poor surface smoothness.
2, water solubility: diammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer, heavy superphosphate (three materials) are soluble in water; granular superphosphate is only partially soluble in water.
3, fire: diammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer can quickly melt on the charcoal or iron plate burning red, and release ammonia gas; heavy superphosphate (three materials) on the red charcoal or iron plate without ammonia smell; The superphosphate does not have an ammonia smell on the charred charcoal or iron plate, and the shape of the particles does not change.
4. Quantitative analysis is performed through the laboratory when necessary.
Third, the identification of mixed fertilizer
Mixed fertilizer is also called compound fertilizer. The fertilizer with ternary (N+P2O5+K2O) total nutrient content of 40.0% or more is called high-concentration compound fertilizer. Most of the fertilizers in the market with the name of three (multi) yuan compound fertilizers are not compound fertilizers, but compound (complex) fertilizers. Counterfeit compounding (mixed) fertilizer is mostly particulate matter such as sludge, garbage, soil, coal ash powder, and generally does not contain nitrogen fertilizer. The difference is:
1. Appearance: Nitrogen-containing fertilizers, especially mixed (hybrid) fertilizers containing more urea or ammonium nitrate. Because the furnace temperature is suitable during the production process, the particles are in a good molten state and the surface is smooth; The mixed fertilizer particles have a rough surface and no luster, and no remnants of fertilizer such as urea are visible.
2, fire: cauterization method is the main method to distinguish between true and false mixed (complex) fertilizer and the identification of high and low concentrations. Compounding (mixed) on charred red charcoal or iron plate will melt (the more nitrogen melts faster), emit smoke, and emit ammonia smell, the particle deformation becomes smaller (the higher the concentration, the less the residue). Of course, the most accurate is the sampling for quantitative analysis.
Fourth, the identification of foliar fertilizer
Generally, the inferior foliar fertilizer is characterized by simple packaging, and the three certificates (qualified quality, production license, fertilizer registration certificate) are incomplete and the composition is unknown. Some have very low concentrations, liquids are translucent, and some have significant precipitation. The identification method is as follows:
1. Packing: Check whether the goods are registered products of the agricultural department, whether there is registration certificate number for fertilizer use, whether the product trademark (registration), main components, scope of use, factory name and agricultural department's document notice are consistent, if there are obvious differences , is a counterfeit product; if there is no fertilizer registration certificate number, it is illegally produced and sold, and cannot be promoted.
2. Appearance: For liquid fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer containing ferrous sulfate should be green in the product description; the liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid should be brown; the liquid fertilizer containing sodium humate potassium should be black brown. If it is indicated that each of the above components is contained, but it does not match the above-mentioned colors, it is a counterfeit product; if the colors match, but the precipitation is excessive, it is inferior. The solid foliar fertilizer is mainly composed of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, etc., and can be identified by the method of identifying the above-mentioned single element fertilizer, compound fertilizer, etc. by using its color and crystal shape.
3. Look at the field effect: According to the instructions on the instructions for use, the leaf color and growth of the crop should change significantly after 3 days and 5 days; the change of leaf color of the zinc-containing fertilizer product should be more obvious; However, the one that remains unchanged after one week of operation according to the above method is a counterfeit product.
First, the identification of single element fertilizer.
The most common counterfeit nitrogen fertilizers on the market, such as fake urea, generally have two situations: First, the composition of the whole bag is inconsistent. If the fluidity at the upper mouth of the bag is good, the underflow does not flow or even agglomerates, and a strong volatile ammonia smell can be smelled. Basically, it can be judged that the above is urea, and the following is pseudo-doped ammonium bicarbonate. If the upper and lower fluidity is very good, but the color and particle size of the particles are inconsistent, it may be pseudo-doped ammonium nitrate. In another case, the composition of the whole bag of fertilizer is consistent. Common counterfeit substances are: Jihua granule ammonium nitrate , Russia's granular ammonium nitrate, and some macromolecular organics, such as polyols. Although the particle size, color, and solubility of the above substances are similar to those of urea, the following methods can still be used to identify:
1. Appearance: Urea is white translucent particles, and the surface is non-reflective; while the surface of ammonium nitrate particles has obvious color and reflection; the polyol is opaque milky white particles, and there is no color and no reflection.
2, feel: urea is smooth, loose, no moisture feeling; although ammonium nitrate is smooth, but there is a wet feeling; although the polyol is loose and no moisture, but it is not smooth.
3, fire: three substances are placed on the red wood carbon or iron plate, urea melts, white smoke, ammonia smell; ammonium nitrate burns intensely, emits strong light and white smoke, and is mixed with "å—¤??å—¤??" sound; polyol decomposition and combustion, but no ammonia.
The single-unit phosphate fertilizers circulating in the market are mainly calcium. The counterfeit materials found are: phosphogypsum, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, waste cement residue, brick powder. The main methods of identification are as follows:
1. Appearance: the loose calcium powder is gray and has a sour taste; the phosphogypsum is grayish white hexagonal column crystal or crystalline powder, and has no sour taste; the color of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is grayish green or grayish brown, and has no sour taste; Very dry vitreous fine or fine powder; waste cement residue is gray powder, dull, hard block, coarse grain, no sour; brick powder color blue, coarse grain, no sour.
2, feel: calcium is heavy, feels greasy; phosphogypsum texture is light, feel cotton, relatively frivolous; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is heavy, hand feel cotton, dry; waste cement residue is heavy, not dry, hard cement The slag exists; the brick powder feels blemish, does not dry, and brick slag exists.
3. Water solubility: the calcium is partially dissolved in water; the phosphogypsum is completely soluble in water; the calcium magnesium phosphate is insoluble in water; the waste cement powder and the brick slurry are precipitated in the case of water.
4. If the following phenomenon occurs in the identification of phosphate fertilizer: if there are obvious impurities such as clods, stones and coal slag in the calcium, it can be judged as inferior product; if the acidity is too strong and the water is large, it is uncooked. Unqualified non-finished products; if the color is found to be black, the hand feels twitching and squeezing, and it is not a fake fly ash.
Second, the identification of compound fertilizer
More counterfeit compound fertilizers appear on the market are diammonium phosphate. The counterfeit materials found are: nitrophosphate fertilizer, heavy superphosphate (three materials), granular superphosphate, although they are similar to the color, particle and compressive strength of diammonium phosphate, but the difference in nutrients, species, content and price It is very big. The nutrient content of diammonium phosphate is P2O546?48%, N16?18%; the nutrient content of nitrophosphate is P2O511?13%, N25?27%; the nutrient content of heavy superphosphate (three materials) is P2O542?46%; The nutrient content of the particulate superphosphate is P2O514?18%. The difference between them is as follows:
1. Appearance: Diammonium phosphate (made in the United States) is irregular particles in the absence of moisture. Its center is dark brown and its edges are slightly yellow. The outer edge of the particles is slightly translucent. After damp, the particles are dark brown and dark, without yellow and The edge is transparent and has a very small amount of pinkish white on the surface after the water is applied. The nitrophosphate fertilizer is also irregular particles, the color is dark brown, and the surface is smooth. The particles of heavy superphosphate (three materials) are dark gray. The superphosphate particles are light in color, gray in color, and have a poor surface smoothness.
2, water solubility: diammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer, heavy superphosphate (three materials) are soluble in water; granular superphosphate is only partially soluble in water.
3, fire: diammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer can quickly melt on the charcoal or iron plate burning red, and release ammonia gas; heavy superphosphate (three materials) on the red charcoal or iron plate without ammonia smell; The superphosphate does not have an ammonia smell on the charred charcoal or iron plate, and the shape of the particles does not change.
4. Quantitative analysis is performed through the laboratory when necessary.
Third, the identification of mixed fertilizer
Mixed fertilizer is also called compound fertilizer. The fertilizer with ternary (N+P2O5+K2O) total nutrient content of 40.0% or more is called high-concentration compound fertilizer. Most of the fertilizers in the market with the name of three (multi) yuan compound fertilizers are not compound fertilizers, but compound (complex) fertilizers. Counterfeit compounding (mixed) fertilizer is mostly particulate matter such as sludge, garbage, soil, coal ash powder, and generally does not contain nitrogen fertilizer. The difference is:
1. Appearance: Nitrogen-containing fertilizers, especially mixed (hybrid) fertilizers containing more urea or ammonium nitrate. Because the furnace temperature is suitable during the production process, the particles are in a good molten state and the surface is smooth; The mixed fertilizer particles have a rough surface and no luster, and no remnants of fertilizer such as urea are visible.
2, fire: cauterization method is the main method to distinguish between true and false mixed (complex) fertilizer and the identification of high and low concentrations. Compounding (mixed) on charred red charcoal or iron plate will melt (the more nitrogen melts faster), emit smoke, and emit ammonia smell, the particle deformation becomes smaller (the higher the concentration, the less the residue). Of course, the most accurate is the sampling for quantitative analysis.
Fourth, the identification of foliar fertilizer
Generally, the inferior foliar fertilizer is characterized by simple packaging, and the three certificates (qualified quality, production license, fertilizer registration certificate) are incomplete and the composition is unknown. Some have very low concentrations, liquids are translucent, and some have significant precipitation. The identification method is as follows:
1. Packing: Check whether the goods are registered products of the agricultural department, whether there is registration certificate number for fertilizer use, whether the product trademark (registration), main components, scope of use, factory name and agricultural department's document notice are consistent, if there are obvious differences , is a counterfeit product; if there is no fertilizer registration certificate number, it is illegally produced and sold, and cannot be promoted.
2. Appearance: For liquid fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer containing ferrous sulfate should be green in the product description; the liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid should be brown; the liquid fertilizer containing sodium humate potassium should be black brown. If it is indicated that each of the above components is contained, but it does not match the above-mentioned colors, it is a counterfeit product; if the colors match, but the precipitation is excessive, it is inferior. The solid foliar fertilizer is mainly composed of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, etc., and can be identified by the method of identifying the above-mentioned single element fertilizer, compound fertilizer, etc. by using its color and crystal shape.
3. Look at the field effect: According to the instructions on the instructions for use, the leaf color and growth of the crop should change significantly after 3 days and 5 days; the change of leaf color of the zinc-containing fertilizer product should be more obvious; However, the one that remains unchanged after one week of operation according to the above method is a counterfeit product.
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