Metal air batteries have the advantages of rich raw materials, safety and environmental protection, and high energy density. They are called "new green energy sources for the 21st century" and have good development and application prospects. The anode of the metal air battery is an active metal (such as Mg, Al and Zn, etc.). During discharge, the metal M is oxidized to the corresponding metal ion Mn+; the electrolyte is an alkaline or neutral medium such as KOH or NaCl aqueous solution; the cathode active material For O2 in the air, O2 is reduced to OH- during discharge. Since O2 can rely entirely on the external supply of the battery and does not need to be stored inside the battery, the cathode material of the metal air battery is essentially a catalyst that promotes O2 reduction. The first problem to be solved in the development of metal air batteries is the preparation of cathode air diffusion electrodes and the synthesis of cost-effective oxygen reduction catalysts.
The lithium battery engineering laboratory of Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, successfully developed a prototype of a 1000Wh magnesium air battery based on the optimization of the cathode air diffusion electrode structure and preparation process, and the development of a high-performance manganese oxide oxygen reduction catalyst. See Figure 1 for details. The battery consists of five single cells connected in series. The AZ31 magnesium alloy is used as the anode, and the 10% NaCl solution is used as the electrolyte. The air diffusion electrode and the manganese oxide catalyst are used as the cathode. The appearance size of the magnesium air battery is 200×150×150 mm3, the weight is 2.3 kg, the energy density is up to 430 Wh/kg, and the maximum output power can reach 80 W. The IV curve of the single cell is shown in FIG. 2 . The above-mentioned magnesium air battery has a better commercial prospect and can be applied as a field power supply, a mobile power supply, a backup power supply, and an emergency power supply.
Based on the research of magnesium air batteries, the R&D team is conducting research and development of aluminum air batteries. It is planned to develop high power density power aluminum air by solving the hydrogen evolution of aluminum air batteries and developing high power density oxygen reduction catalysts. battery. At present, the R&D team has applied for 6 invention patents and 1 utility model patent in the field of metal air batteries.
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