In recent years, the competition in the mold steel manufacturing industry has become more and more fierce in the world. The ability of enterprises to provide customers with personalized high-quality products with high efficiency and low consumption in the shortest possible time has become the competitiveness of enterprises. A sign. Mold steel is called the father of industry. The quality of mold steel will directly affect the quality, output, cost, new product production and the renewal of old products, the adjustment of product structure and market competitiveness, so the economy The situation puts higher and higher requirements on the quality of mold steel. So how can we improve the quality of mold steel more reasonably? In other words, how can we make mold steels produce quality-qualified parts in a high-precision, low-cost, high-efficiency condition for a longer period of time and more? This has become more and more the focus of attention.
Mold steel quality is not a simple topic, it includes the following aspects:
(1) Product quality: the stability and conformity of the product size, the smoothness of the surface of the product, the utilization rate of the product materials, etc.;
(2) Service life: the number of work cycles or the number of parts produced by the mold steel under the premise of ensuring the quality of the product;
(3) Maintenance and maintenance of mold steel: whether it is the most convenient to use, easy to demould, and the production auxiliary time is as short as possible;
(4) Maintenance costs, maintenance periodicity, etc.
The basic way to improve the quality of mold steel:
(1) First of all, the design of the parts should be reasonable, and the best structural scheme should be selected as much as possible. The designer of the parts should take into account the technical requirements of the parts and their structure must conform to the craftability and feasibility of the mold steel manufacturing.
(2) The design of mold steel is the most important step to improve the quality of mold steel. Many factors need to be considered, including the selection of mold steel materials, the usability and safety of mold steel structure, the machinability of mold steel parts and mold steel. The convenience of maintenance, these should be considered as thoughtfully at the beginning of the design.
1 The selection of mold steel materials must meet the customer's requirements for product quality, but also the cost of the material and its strength during the set period. Of course, according to the type of mold steel, the working mode, the processing speed, and the main Factors such as the form of failure are selected. For example, the main failure mode of the blanking die is the edge wear, and the material with high surface hardness and good wear resistance should be selected. The stamping die is mainly subjected to periodic load, which is easy to cause surface fatigue crack and lead to surface peeling. A material with good surface toughness; a material with a particularly low friction coefficient should be selected for the drawing die; a material with high thermal fatigue should be selected for the die-casting mold due to cyclic thermal stress; for injection molding, when the plastic part is ABS, PP, PC For materials such as steel, the steel material of the mold can be pre-hardened and tempered steel. When the plastic parts are high-gloss and transparent materials, the corrosion-resistant stainless steel can be selected. When the batch size is large, the quenched and tempered steel can be selected. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the use of mold steel materials with less affinity with the parts to prevent the sticking mold from intensifying the wear of the mold steel parts, thereby affecting the quality of the mold steel.
2 When designing the mold steel structure, it should be as compact and easy to operate as possible, and ensure that the steel parts of the mold have sufficient strength and rigidity; when the steel structure of the mold permits, the corners of each surface of the mold steel parts should be designed as rounded transitions as much as possible. To avoid stress concentration; for concave molds, cavities and partial punches, cores, combination or inlay structure can be used to eliminate stress concentration, elongated punches or cores, and appropriate protective measures should be taken in the structure; The cold die shall be equipped with means to prevent blockage of the workpiece or waste (eg, spring pin, compressed air, etc.). At the same time, it is necessary to consider how to reduce the impact on the quality of the mold steel caused by the wear of the sliding fittings and the frequent impacting parts in long-term use.
3 In the design, it is necessary to reduce the range of disassembly and assembly when repairing a certain component, especially when replacing consumable parts, and reduce the scope of disassembly and assembly as much as possible.
(3) The manufacturing process of mold steel is also an important part to ensure the quality of mold steel. The processing method and processing precision in the mold steel manufacturing process will also affect the service life of mold steel. The accuracy of each component directly affects the overall assembly of the mold steel. In addition to the influence of the accuracy of the equipment itself, it is necessary to improve the technical level of the fitter in the grinding process of the mold steel by improving the processing method of the parts to improve the mold steel parts. The processing accuracy; if the overall assembly effect of the mold steel does not meet the requirements, the probability of the mold steel moving in an abnormal state will be increased in the trial mold, which will have a great influence on the overall quality of the mold steel.
Therefore, in order to ensure that the mold steel has a good original precision - the original mold steel quality, in the manufacturing process, we must first select a high-precision processing method, such as EDM, wire cutting, CNC machining, etc., while paying attention to the mold steel Accuracy inspection, including the machining accuracy of the steel parts of the mold, the assembly precision and the comprehensive inspection of the precision of the mold steel through the acceptance of the test mode, and the high-precision measuring instruments should be selected as much as possible for the mold steel parts with complex surface and surface structure. If you use ordinary ruler and vernier card, you can't reach accurate measurement data. At this time, you need to use precision measuring equipment such as coordinate measuring instrument to ensure the accuracy of measurement data.
(4) Surface strengthening of the main formed parts of the mold steel to improve the surface wear resistance of the mold steel parts, thereby better improving the quality of the mold steel. For surface strengthening, different strengthening methods should be used according to the mold steel for different purposes. For example, the punching die can be made by electric spark strengthening, hard alloy surfacing, etc., in order to improve the wear resistance and compressive strength of the surface of the steel parts of the mold; the hot-working mold steel parts such as the die-casting mold and the plastic mold can be nitrided ( Hard nitriding) treatment to improve the wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and abrasion resistance of the parts; the drawing die and bending die can be treated by sulfurizing to reduce the friction coefficient and improve the wear resistance of the material; carbon nitrogen Co-infiltration (soft nitriding) can be applied to the surface strengthening treatment of various types of mold steel. In addition, a kind of FCVA vacuum-plated diamond film technology developed in recent years can form a protective film which is extremely firm and smooth and evenly compacted on the surface of the part. This technology is especially suitable for surface protection of mold steel. Sexual treatment is also a significant method to improve the quality of mold steel. Of course, if the part is a trial product or the production batch is quite small, it is not necessary to perform surface strengthening treatment of the mold steel part.
(5) The correct use and maintenance of mold steel is also a major factor in improving the quality of mold steel. For example, the installation and debugging of mold steel should be appropriate. In the case of hot runners, the power supply wiring should be correct, the cooling water circuit should meet the design requirements, and the parameters and design requirements of the injection molding machine, die casting machine and press in the production of mold steel. Meet and so on. When the mold steel is used correctly, the mold steel should be regularly maintained. The guide pillars, guide sleeves and other parts with relative movement of the mold steel should be filled with lubricating oil frequently. For forging die, plastic die, die-casting die, etc. The mold steel should be sprayed with a lubricant or mold release agent on the surface of the formed part before each mold is formed. Planned protective maintenance of the mold steel and data processing during the maintenance process can prevent problems that may occur in the production of the mold steel and improve the maintenance efficiency.
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