Exclusive interview: On February 21st, agricultural experts Yu Zhenwen and Zhao Guangcai talked about current drought and wheat management moderators: Good afternoon, netizens, welcome to watch the people network video interview, today we are very honored to invite two guests, one is agriculture The head of the wheat expert guidance group, academician Yu Zhenwen of Shandong Agricultural University, the researcher of the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the member of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture, Dr. Zhao Guangcai, two guests will discuss the drought resistance of wheat this year. Accept the interview with our netizens and ask the two to say hello to our netizens.
Yu Zhenwen: Hello, everyone, welcome to discuss the issue of wheat drought-resistant spring tube, and are very willing to exchange various issues with you.
Zhao Guangcai: Hello, everyone, I am very willing to communicate with you.
Moderator: Mr. Yu, can you tell us about the seedlings of this year's wheat?
Yu Zhenwen: During the autumn planting period, due to the high attention of cadres and people at all levels, the implementation of policy and technology, and the suitable wheat producing area, the wheat sowing period is relatively concentrated, the standardized planting technology is large, the seeding quality is high, and the wheat is tidy. The group is adequate and the quality of emergence is the best year in recent years. Since October last year, precipitation in North China, Huanghuai and other places has been decreasing, and different degrees of drought have occurred in the main winter wheat producing areas of Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui and Jiangsu. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the meteorological drought in these areas will continue to develop in the future, and there is a high possibility of continuous drought in winter and spring. The impact on wheat production cannot be underestimated. We must fully understand the importance and urgency of the current drought-resistance, base on the fight against drought and long-term drought resistance, work early and comprehensively, and do our best to do the drought-resistant work in the main winter wheat producing areas such as North China and Huanghuai, and strengthen the wheat areas according to local conditions. The spring management, efforts to capture the harvest of summer grain, laid a solid foundation for the bumper harvest of the year.
Moderator: Mr. Yu, can you tell us about the specific measures for wheat spring management?
Yu Zhenwen: North China, Huanghuai wheat area includes Hebei, Shandong, Henan, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, central and southern Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi and Guanzhong Plain. In view of the continuous development of spring climate drought in the region, the temperature rises rapidly, the fluctuations are large, the disasters are more, and the development of spring wheat rooting, tillering and panicle differentiation, spring wheat management should be early grasping early, scientific drought resistance, classification guidance, Reasonable management of water and fertilizer, drought and repression of soil and other measures to achieve the root system to increase the number of tillers, the number of spikes in the body, and the number of spikes in the jointing stage, laying a good foundation for high wheat yield.
Moderator: Is there a wheat field in North China and Huanghuai wheat area that has not been watered before winter? Is it necessary to manage it early?
Yu Zhenwen: Very right. At present, the wheat in the southern part of Huanghuai wheat area has returned to green. The wheat in the north of Huanghuai is about to return to green. The wheat field that has not been poured over the winter water is seriously affected by drought. The tillering section is in the dry soil layer, and the secondary roots are not long or short. “Preserving Miaoshui and Promoting Miao Zhuang†is the first measure for spring field management. Pay attention to three points:
Yu Zhenwen: First, do it early and pour "protection water". When the average temperature of the day is stable at 3 °C and it can be oozing quickly after watering during the day, it is necessary to pay close attention to watering and seedlings. The sooner the better. When watering, it should be noted that small water irrigation is required, and the next day, there is no water on the surface. Avoid flooding with large water, water on the surface, and ice formation at night.
Yu Zhenwen: The second is to apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. It is necessary to apply about 10 kg of urea per mu in combination with watering. Appropriate amount of diammonium Phosphate is added to promote secondary root squirting, increase tillering in spring, and increase tillering rate.
Yu Zhenwen: The third is water-saving irrigation, which is preserved after pouring. Irrigation is 30 to 40 cubic meters per acre. When watering the surface, the surface should be timely and timely, break the knot, loosen the soil, keep warm and promote the growth of roots and tillers.
Moderator: How to manage dryland wheat fields without hydration conditions in early spring?
Yu Zhenwen: For dryland wheat fields without hydration conditions, spring management should be used as a key measure for spring wheat field management. After the wheat field is crushed, the capillary is formed in the soil, and the deep soil moisture rises along the capillary to the upper layer soil, which is beneficial to moisturizing the root growth and improving the drought resistance of the wheat. At the same time, after the soil is returned to the early spring or the light rain, the application of appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer with chemical fertilizers has an outstanding effect on increasing the number of ears per pan and the number of grains per ear, increasing grain weight and increasing yield.
Moderator: Just now you said that we are a wheat field that has not been watered by winter water. How should we manage the wheat fields we have poured over the winter water?
Yu Zhenwen: For the water-stained wheat fields that have been over-wintered before winter, there is currently no drought, and there is no need to water them. Spring management can be based on the management of three types of wheat fields, followed by the second type of wheat fields, and finally the management of a type of wheat field.
Yu Zhenwen: First, promote the management of fertilizer and water in three types of wheat fields. The total number of stems per acre in the three types of wheat fields is less than 450,000 per acre, which is mostly late seeding and weak seedlings. Spring fertilizer management should be based on promotion. In the regreening period, the temperature of 5 cm is stable at 5 °C, and the topdressing and watering is started. 5-7 kg of urea and appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate are applied per mu to promote spring tillering and consolidate the tillering before winter to increase the number of ears per mu. Apply a second fertilizer in the middle of jointing to increase the number of grains per ear.
Yu Zhenwen: The second is to promote the combination of control and do a good job in the management of fertilizer and water in the second type of wheat fields. The second type of wheat field has a total stem number of 45-600,000 per acre. In the wheat body, the topdressing and watering, combined with watering acres to chase urea 10-15 kg, to consolidate the tiller before winter, improve the rate of tillering.
Yu Zhenwen: The third is to control and promote the combination of fertilizer and water management in a type of wheat field. A kind of wheat field has a total stem number of 60-800,000 per mu in the initial stage of greening, which belongs to the strong wheat field. It should be controlled to promote the combination, increase the tillering rate of tillering, and promote the large number of grains. There are two management measures: the first is to spray the Zhuangfengan and other regulators during the period, to shorten the base joints, control the plant growth, and prevent the late lodging. The second is to topdress the water in the jointing stage of wheat, and chasing urea 12-15 kg in acre to obtain high yield and super high yield.
Yu Zhenwen: It should be noted that it is necessary to pay close attention to the development of drought. If the drought persists, the wheat fields that have been poured over the winter water will lose weight quickly. All kinds of wheat fields should determine the appropriate watering time according to the changes in the field.
Moderator: This netizen said this, my family is in Hebei Province, how do we manage the wheat here?
Zhao Guangcai: The wheat north of Hebei Province belongs to the northern winter wheat area. At present, winter wheat in the winter wheat region of northern China is still in the wintering stage, and it belongs to the growth stage with strong drought resistance and cold resistance. However, due to the unusually dry climate, the drought in the wheat field is severe and the surface is seriously deficient; most of the wheat fields that have been frozen are better. It should be classified and managed according to specific conditions, and scientifically drought-resistant.
Zhao Guangcai: In view of the drought and sustainable development of the spring climate in this region, the temperature rises rapidly, the fluctuations are large, the disasters are more, and the development of spring wheat rooting, tillering and panicle differentiation, spring wheat management should be early grasping early, scientific drought resistance, classification Guide, take reasonable measures to regulate water and fertilizer, dry land repression and sputum protection, to achieve root growth, increase tillering, increase the number of sputum, the number of spikes, the number of stable spikes at the jointing stage, the number of granules, and lay a good foundation for high wheat yield. Specific management can be divided into the following aspects:
Zhao Guangcai: 1, all kinds of wheat fields, before the appropriate irrigation in early spring, should actively take measures to suppress and cultivate loose soil (draw, buckwheat) in a timely manner to ensure warming and promote seedlings.
Zhao Guangcai: 2, for the frozen water before winter, the bottom is sufficient, the relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer is about 70%, the group is reasonable, the total number of stems per acre is 60-900,000 wheat fields, and the soil in early spring is frozen.墒 (especially at the branching section) is fully supplemented, the topsoil is moist, the time should be ploughed to plow the loose soil (buckwheat), timely suppression, to ensure warming, promote root development, and promote early growth and stability. In the early stage of jointing, timely irrigation and topdressing. Apply 15-20kg of urea per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 3, for the early irrigation before winter, more evaporation and loss of sputum, the group is reasonable, the total number of stems per acre is 60-900,000, 0-20cm soil relative water content in the 60-70% wheat field, early spring returning to the green period Grasp the time to cultivate the loose soil (buckwheat), timely suppression, increase the temperature, promote the development of roots, and promote the early growth of seedlings. In the upswing period, timely irrigation and topdressing. Apply 15-20kg of urea per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 4, for the irrigation conditions without pre-wrinkled water before winter, the 0-20cm soil layer with a relative water content of 60% or less in the wheat field, when the temperature in the early spring rises back to above 3 °C, it should be timely flooded and supplemented, and per mu After applying 8-10kg of urea, the soil (buckwheat) should be preserved at the right time after irrigation. At the jointing stage, the water is topdressed and topdressed, and 8-10 kg of urea is applied per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 5. For some late-wet seedlings, small populations (the total number of stems per mu is less than 600,000) or wheat fields with insufficient base fertilizer, it is necessary to fertilize and fertilize in the early spring when the temperature rises to above 3 °C. Apply 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate to the roots to promote root growth and weaken and strengthen. At the jointing stage, the water is topdressed and topdressed, and 8-10 kg of urea is applied per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 6. For a very small number of wheat fields with long sprouts, sufficient bottoms, large populations, and fast development, spray the plant growth retardant in the right amount before the body is lifted, and reduce the stalks. Delay spring irrigation, in the middle of jointing, re-irrigation and topdressing when diverging two levels of differentiation, 10-15kg per urea, to promote strong and strong.
Zhao Guangcai: 7, all kinds of wheat field spring irrigation should pay attention to small water seepage irrigation, avoid large flood irrigation, irrigation can be fully infiltrated into the soil, no water is appropriate. When the temperature is lower than 3 °C, stop the irrigation and continue to fill the water when the weather turns warm.
Zhao Guangcai: 8. For a small number of dryland wheat fields without irrigation conditions, it should be timely suppressed and protected in the early spring, seize the opportunity to open the ditch and fertilize, and promote root growth. If there is no precipitation, it should be used to open the ditch and topdress when the soil is frozen and returned to the pulp to promote wheat growth.
Zhao Guangcai: 9, all kinds of wheat fields in early spring should pay attention to the monitoring of rust, sheath blight, wheat spiders, aphids and timely effective prevention; timely weed control in wheat fields.
Moderator: Another netizen asked, I am in the suburbs of Beijing. The current drought in our wheat here is also very serious. How to manage it now?
Zhao Guangcai: Beijing is located at the northernmost part of the winter wheat area in northern China. At present, winter wheat is still in the wintering stage in this area, and it usually enters the greening stage in early March. Due to the unusually dry climate in winter and spring, there was no effective precipitation for more than 100 consecutive days. The drought in the wheat field was very serious. Although it was reduced to medium snow on February 10 and 13, respectively, it was beneficial to supplement the symptoms and ease the drought, but the effect was limited; The overall drought is still serious. According to the specific circumstances, we should seize the opportunity, early early management, classified guidance, and scientific drought resistance. The main content of the current spring tube is two, one is suppression, and the other is irrigation.
Zhao Guangcai: 1. All kinds of wheat fields can be repressed, cultivated and loosened (soiled, buckwheat) before the greening, and the seedlings are warmed up. When repressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of a suitable roller compactor. Generally, there is no need to use a contouring roller on the seeding machine to avoid crushing the wheat seedlings. It is best to use a wheat ore tube made of iron pipe or cement pipe. The length is 1.5 meters. The short repression efficiency is low, and the long-term suppression effect is poor.
Zhao Guangcai: The irrigation should be carried out in several ways: 1) For the frozen water before winter, the bottom is sufficient, the relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer is about 70%, the population is reasonable, and the total stem number per acre is 60-900,000. In the wheat field, when the temperature in the early spring rises steadily above 3 °C, the water is topdressed in the early stage of jointing. Apply 15-20kg of urea per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 2) For early irrigation before winter, there is more evaporation and loss of sputum, and the population is reasonable. The total number of stems per acre is 60-900,000, and the relative moisture content of 0-20cm soil is 60-70% in the wheat field. Irrigation and topdressing. Apply 15-20kg of urea per acre. Although the water is still filled before winter, the current wheat field is still seriously droughty. The 0-20cm soil has a relative water content of 60% or less. When the temperature is stable through 3°C, it should be timely filled with water and supplemented with irrigation. -10kg of urea, timely loose soil (buckwheat) after irrigation. In the jointing stage, another irrigation and topdressing will be carried out, and 8-10 kg of urea will be applied per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 3) For wheat fields with irrigation conditions and unfrozen water before winter, when the temperature in the early spring rises back to 3 °C, it is necessary to fill the water early, and apply 8-10 kg of urea per acre, and then loosen the soil after irrigation. Mai) Paul. At the jointing stage, the water is topdressed and topdressed, and 8-10 kg of urea is applied per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 4) For some late-wet seedlings, small populations (the total number of stems per mu is less than 600,000) or wheat fields with insufficient base fertilizer, it is necessary to fertilize early in the early spring when the temperature rises to above 3 °C. Apply 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre to promote root growth and promote weakening and strengthening. At the jointing stage, the water is topdressed and topdressed, and 8-10 kg of urea is applied per acre.
Zhao Guangcai: 5) For a very small number of wheat fields with long sprouts, sufficient bottoms, large populations, and rapid development, spray the plant growth retardant in the right amount before the body is lifted to reduce the stalk. Delay spring irrigation, in the middle of jointing, re-irrigation and topdressing when diverging two levels of differentiation, 10-15kg per urea, to promote strong and strong.
Zhao Guangcai: 6) All kinds of wheat field spring irrigation should pay attention to small water seepage irrigation, avoid flooding with large water, the amount of irrigation can all penetrate into the soil, and it is better not to accumulate water. When the temperature is lower than 3 °C, stop the irrigation and continue to fill the water when the weather turns warm.
Zhao Guangcai: 7) Some wheat fields in the suburbs of Beijing have sprinkler irrigation facilities. When all kinds of wheat fields need to be sprinkled in the early spring, attention should be paid to temperature changes to prevent the leaves from freezing.
Zhao Guangcai: 8) All kinds of wheat fields should pay attention to the monitoring of rust and sheath blight in the early spring, and timely and effective control; timely control of weeds in wheat fields.
Moderator: A netizen said how do we fight drought in dryland wheat in Shanxi?
Zhao Guangcai: The main techniques for spring management of dryland wheat without irrigation conditions:
Zhao Guangcai: First, repressing and arranging, this is the primary management measure for early spring in dry land. It can crush crushed clods, seal cracks, solidify soil, reduce wind erosion, promote mites, promote root development, and improve wheat drought resistance. Promote the growth and development of secondary roots and tillers.
Zhao Guangcai: The second is the early spring è¶å¢’ topdressing. In the early spring, after the soil is re-slurry or under light rain, the fertilizer is applied with fertilizer or ditch, and the urea is 5-6 kg per mu. It has a prominent effect on increasing the number of ears per pan and the number of grains per ear, increasing grain weight and increasing yield. . If the phosphate fertilizer is not applied to the base fertilizer, the diammonium phosphate should be added to the nitrogen fertilizer.
Moderator: Mr. Yu, you just gave us a brief introduction to the situation of wheat fields. Let us introduce the situation of weeds in wheat fields this year. What kind of time do we chemically weed, what kind of weeds are in the case of more weeds? Time chemical weeding is good? What are the main pests and diseases of early spring in North China and Huanghuai Mai District?
Yu Zhenwen: Due to the heavy drought before winter, the degree of weed occurrence is light, and the chemical weeding area before winter is relatively small. The chemical weeding work after greening should be strengthened. During the greening period of wheat, the daily average temperature to 5 °C is the appropriate time to start chemical weeding. When using herbicides, the concentration and technical operation rules should be strictly followed to avoid phytotoxicity. Agricultural technicians everywhere should guide farmers to choose the right medicine, spray concentration and spraying time. The returning to the jointing stage is the occurrence period of root disease such as sheath blight, total rot disease, root rot, etc. Especially in this year, the wheat is more abundant and the population is larger in the whole area. During the jointing period, the field is closed, and the poor illumination will aggravate the stalk. The occurrence of the disease. All local plant protection departments should do a good job in forecasting and forecasting pests and diseases, and guide farmers in timely prevention and control.
Moderator: The Spring Festival has just passed. The end of the Spring Festival means the arrival of spring. Can you explain to us the coldness of the spring? What kind of measures do we take to prevent the occurrence of cold spring?
Zhao Guangcai: The cold spring refers to the phenomenon that the wheat suddenly suffers from a strong cooling and the wheat is damaged. If the temperature suddenly drops below 0 °C, freezing damage will occur. Sudden occurrence of cold damage above 0 °C will cause damage to the wheat leaves, and some wheat growth cones will freeze, causing white spikes, or spikelet development, resulting in a reduction in production.
Zhao Guangcai: The most effective measure to prevent early spring frost damage is to pay close attention to weather changes and timely irrigation before cooling. Since the heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of air and soil, watering before the early spring cold current can increase the water vapor in the near-surface air. When condensation occurs, the latent heat is released, which can reduce the variation of the ground temperature. Therefore, in areas with irrigation conditions, watering before the cold wave can effectively adjust the microclimate of the near-surface layer and have a good effect on preventing early spring frost damage.
Moderator: Thank you, Mr. Zhao, and a netizen from Xinjiang asked that the wheat in Xinjiang is fighting drought in early spring. It is also necessary to pay attention to some drought-fighting issues. Can you tell us the netizens in Xinjiang about what they need to pay attention to during their drought-relieving process?
Zhao Guangcai: 1. First of all, we must highlight an "early". The relative growth of drought-resistant wheat seedlings is weak, and it is necessary to manage early, early irrigation and early fertilization.
Zhao Guangcai: 2, mainly three look; first look at the basis of fertilization, if the amount of base fertilizer and fertilizer is not adequate according to the requirements of production indicators, it is necessary to use top dressing to remedy, second to see the total number of stems before winter, the total number of stems before winter is insufficient 400,000 / acre, generally should be appropriate amount of topdressing, to promote spring tiller growth, to ensure that the number of spikes is sufficient, three look at the growth of the long-term appearance, the seedlings plant is short, the leaves are thin and yellow, its water and fertilizer are insufficient, it is necessary to topdress in time, per acre Topdressing urea 8 to 10 kg. The top dressing should be applied with a fertilizing machine, preferably applied to the line.
Zhao Guangcai: 3, in the early spring, cultivating land or spring. In the early spring, cultivating land can not only protect the earth, increase the ground temperature, but also break the soil plate section. Improve soil aeration, promote root development, inhibit salinity, eliminate weeds, and promote soil microbial activities. The cultivating should be treated differently according to the soil type, lyrics and seedlings. It should be done: (1) Appropriate land. Generally, after the spring, the surface begins to be white. (2) Use the word "iron". The depth of the sputum is 3 to 4 cm, and the direction of the squatting is better with the horizontal squat or the sloping squat. (3) The wheat field is sown 1 or 2 times. Low-lying saline-Alkali soil has many soil moisture, low ground temperature, and early arable land. Dry land with insufficient soil moisture generally does not advocate early spring hoeing or cultivating loose soil, and the use of pressure reducers to compact the ground and reduce wind erosion.
Zhao Guangcai: (4) The depth of cultivated land should be due to seedlings, the number of weak seedlings is small, and the medium tillage should be shallow to prevent damage to the roots. For a large group of wheat fields, deep roots and roots should be controlled to control inefficient tillering and population development in spring.
Zhao Guangcai: 4, chemical weeding. Dry wheat fields are weak and easy to breed weeds. Mechanical and manual measures should be taken to prevent them in time. Serious plots should be treated with high-efficiency and low-residue chemical pesticides. (1) Use herbicides according to local conditions. (2) Master the timing of spraying: The best time for chemical weeding is after the wheat is raised and before the jointing. During this period, the weeds are still small, the resistance to drugs is weak, and the resistance of wheat is strong. When the temperature is above 15 °C, the drug efficacy is better. (3) Attention to safety: When using a sprayer to weed, it is necessary to take effective protective measures. Wear masks and rubber gloves when dispensing or spraying drugs to avoid phytotoxicity. The nozzle should be close to the wheat seedlings, spray evenly, the pace should be coordinated, not heavy, and should be sprayed when there is no wind. (4) Preventing other crops from being phytotoxic: In chemical weeding, it is necessary to prevent nearby crops from being phytotoxic. For example, if 2.4-D butyl emulsifiable concentrate or dimethyltetrachloride is used, it is necessary to pay attention to whether there are cotton, vegetables, fruit trees and other crops around. In order to avoid phytotoxicity, the corresponding safety distance should be maintained.
Zhao Guangcai: 5, foliar fertilization. FA-dryland dragon, urea, etc. can be used for foliar application, supplement nutrients and enhance the drought resistance of wheat seedlings.
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Moderator: We have just introduced the method of wheat drought resistance in Xinjiang. Gansu is also in the same region. They have no difference in drought resistance. What are the special measures for the management of spring drought in Gansu? ?
Zhao Guangcai: Some parts of Gansu are winter wheat, and some are spring wheat. We mainly talk about the drought resistance of winter wheat. Part of winter wheat is dryland wheat, and part of it is watering wheat. The focus of Gansu wheat spring management is to fight drought and protect the country, and to promote weakening and strengthening. The following measures should be taken in the spring management:
Zhao Guangcai: I. Spring Management Techniques of Winter Wheat in Dryland
Zhao Guangcai: 1. è¶å¢’ top dressing Early spring è¶å¢’ top dressing can effectively weaken and strengthen, improve the good growth and drought resistance in the middle and late stages. For weak seedlings, yellow seedlings with de-fertilization symptoms before winter, wheat fields with insufficient application of base fertilizer, and frozen wheat fields, they should be topdressed as soon as possible, with nitrogen fertilizer as the mainstay. In particular, there are still snow-covered wheat fields, which can be used to melt fertilizers and fertilizers, and fertilizers can be infiltrated into the wheat fields with snow; no ice and snow cover the wheat fields, and the soil can be fertilized in the early spring when the soil returns to the tide or after the rain and snow. In general, weak seedling fields can be applied with urea 5-10 kg/mu; the bottom fertilizer is not applied to the wheat field, the wheat field with few roots and shallow roots, and the middle slope is dry and thin, the root and drought resistance of phosphate fertilizer should be strengthened, and nitrogen and phosphorus should be applied. Topdressing phosphorus diammonium 7 ~ 9 kg / mu, urea 5 ~ 7 kg / mu. This year, the sooner the better, the better, but before the winter, there are already long wheat fields, and there is no need to topdress in early spring.
Zhao Guangcai: 2. Topping the land and suppressing the early spring, the top of the spring can cut off the soil water dispersion and loss of channels, and ensure the warming and early development; the suppression can solidify the soil and promote the deep water uplift, and the lifting effect is obvious. Generally, the wheat field can be used in the early spring to return to the early stage of the green, using the T-shaped sputum or the machine to induce the farm tools, and shun the land; the wheat field with loose tops and poor sputum should adopt a light suppression method. Repression should be avoided in the cold, in order to prevent crushing the wheat seedlings, to be timely and repressed at a high temperature around noon.
Zhao Guangcai: 3. Planing After the implementation of the top or the suppression, it is required to carry out 1 or 2 strokes (ie, squatting) in the initial stage of the rise to the beginning of the jointing. All kinds of wheat fields should be drawn and combined with artificial weeding.
Zhao Guangcai: 4. Pest control and prevention "cold spring cold" Focus on the monitoring and prevention of stripe rust, underground pests, mites, red spiders, and achieve "accurate monitoring, drug detection, find a point, control one", and strive to Early detection, early prevention, control of pests and diseases in the initial and spotted state, no large-scale epidemic.
Zhao Guangcai: The temperature in Gansu has changed greatly in spring. Especially since entering this year in February, the temperature has generally rebounded rapidly, and the possibility of “cold spring cold†is greater. Wang Miaotian, which is vulnerable to freezing damage, should take measures such as early spring repression or spraying up Zhuangfeng'an to prevent "cold spring". If early spring frost damage has occurred, remedial measures such as topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (5-10 kg/mu urea) should be taken in time to promote tillering into ear.
Zhao Guangcai: Second, the spring management technology of winter wheat in irrigated land
Zhao Guangcai: Gansu has a small amount of irrigated winter wheat. Under the influence of low temperature before winter, the winter wheat growth of irrigated winter wheat is not as good as that of previous years. Therefore, water and fertilizer should be promoted early this year. The first water and fertilizer in the second and third types of wheat fields can be used in advance to the early stage of greening. The first water and fertilizer management in a type of wheat field can be Use during the ups and downs. The general irrigation amount of head water is 40-70 square meters/mu. Combined with irrigation and head fertilizer, the urea can be applied 10 kg/mu. The water and fertilizer conditions are better. There are a few parts of the early spring seedlings in the Sichuan area, and it is necessary to promote the control and the first water and fertilizer. Use can be postponed until the jointing period.
Zhao Guangcai: Winter wheat in irrigated land is generally not subjected to early spring, topdressing, topping and repression, but it is also necessary to carry out at least one cultivating and weeding operation at the beginning of the first to the first joint, and pay more attention to pests and diseases. The prevention and control of the cold spring.
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Moderator: Thank you, Teacher Zhao. Mr. Yu and you also introduced to us the situation of early spring in North China and Huanghuai area. Can you tell us about the management techniques of spring wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River?
Yu Zhenwen: The wheat areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include wheat fields along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Hubei. After the beginning of spring, the wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to return to green. In this period, the main stem leaves of the first and second types of seedlings were 4-6 leaves, but this year there is also a considerable proportion of late-planted rice bran wheat, and the main stem leaves are only 2 -3 leaves, must catch the early spring wheat to return to the green period, because the seedling system should be classified management, promote the transformation and upgrading of weak seedlings.
Yu Zhenwen: (1) Early and strong seedlings due to the use of seedlings to promote weak seedlings. For the application of insufficient base fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer was not applied in time, and the wheat field that was too small and had been de-fertilized and yellowed was returned to the green and 10 to 15 kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer was applied. Promote the growth of weak seedlings, early spring, and increase the rate of tillering into ear.
Yu Zhenwen: (2) Focus on the application of jointing fertilizer to promote strong stalks and large ears. In large-scale production, the focus of spring management is to apply the jointing fertilizer, and the first and second types of wheat fields suitable for the number of stems of the population are in the normal fade of the leaf color, and the joint fertilizer is applied when the first section of the base of the plant is close to the fixed length. It is conducive to the cultivation of strong stalks and large ears, generally 10 kg / mu of urea can be applied. For the three types of seedlings with too small a population, insufficient number of panicles, and severe wheat fields with deficient yellowing, the jointing fertilizer can be applied early. For wheat fields where the population is too large and the leaf color is not normally faded, the jointing fertilizer should be appropriately delayed, so that the leaves are not faded and not fertilized to prevent lodging.
Yu Zhenwen: (3) Clearing the ditch and defending against waterlogging. From the jointing to the booting stage, although the water demand of wheat increased, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to increase in this period, and the prevention of waterlogging was particularly important. Before the wheat jointing, the wheat fields that have not opened the drainage ditch should catch the sunny day and open the three ditch in the wheat field in time, and ask the ditch soil to spread evenly without damaging the wheat seedlings. The wheat field that has been well-dipped, due to the drought in autumn and winter, the ditch collapses seriously, and it should be dredged in time to ensure smooth drainage. To make the rain stop, the ditch has no water, and the three ditch outside the wheat field should be unblocked to effectively reduce the spring wheat. The soil water content in the secondary root occurrence period promotes the occurrence of spring secondary roots, which creates conditions for the later grain growth and weight gain. For the yellow stupid seedlings with waterlogging damage, the jointing fertilizer should be applied in advance and the application amount of ternary compound fertilizer should be increased to promote the transformation of seedlings.
Yu Zhenwen: (4) Freezing damage defense and timely remediation. The early spring climate change, low temperature cold wave, spring frost damage occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the middle and late March to the middle and middle of April. In the north, there is often a cold wave southward. At this time, if the temperature drops below 0 °C for 6 to 7 hours, the already-extended wheat seedlings will suffer from freezing damage, and the young plants of the plant develop into the wheat field from the stamen and the differentiation stage to the booting stage. When it is frozen, the more severe the frost damage occurs, the greater the impact on production. After the spring frost damage occurs in wheat, the first is to investigate the degree of freezing of the young ears after 2 to 3 days of low temperature; the second is to restore the fertilizer in the wheat field where the mortality of the stems is more than 10%. Generally, the rate of stem stalks is 10% to 30% in the wheat field, and 4 to 5 kg/mu of urea can be applied. The mortality rate of 30% of the wheat stalks in the wheat field is increased by 10%. 3 kg / mu, the upper limit should not exceed 15 kg / mu, you can fight for the freezing and light tillering and the subsequent high-level tillering to reduce the loss of production.
Yu Zhenwen: (5) Chemical weeding. In the autumn of 2010, the area of ​​chemical weeding in this area is small. It is especially important in all areas to chemically weed and control weeds according to the types of weeds.
Yu Zhenwen: (6) anti-fall, disease prevention, pest control. For the wheat field where the population is too large and has a risk of lodging, it is necessary to suppress the control or control it in a timely manner. It is necessary to strengthen the measurement and prevention of pests and diseases such as powdery mildew, scab, sheath blight and rust.
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Moderator: Thank you, Teacher Yu, Teacher Zhao. Just now, the teacher introduced us to the situation of the wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Sichuan Province is a region that belongs to the basin topography. In such a special area, the spring management of wheat in Sichuan Province should have What are the ways and methods?
Zhao Guangcai: The wheat in Sichuan is different from the wheat in other regions. It develops rapidly and many have entered the jointing stage. Mainly do the following work:
Zhao Guangcai: 1. Grasp the management of fertilizer and water in plain rice buckwheat. The basic seedlings of rice blast are generally insufficient. At present, they have been jointed, and they should pay close attention to the fertilizer and water conservation. 6-10 kg of urea per acre is applied to promote the growth of big tillers and the differentiation of small flowers, so as to increase the rate of ear formation, increase the number of grains per panicle, and make up for the deficiency of the group. For the application method, it is best to fill the water first, and then apply the fertilizer immediately after the field has no clear water. For large-scale, high-growing fields, or plants with high plant height, if they are in the jointing stage (the elongation process is in the first section), spray growth inhibitors such as chlormequat or dwarf can be sprayed. To reduce plant height and control lodging.
Zhao Guangcai: 2. Grasping the promotion work of wheat in hilly dry land
Zhao Guangcai: The shallow-soil wheat area in Sichuan is the main body of wheat production in Sichuan Province, and it is mainly composed of wheat. In the old dry areas such as Santai, Zhongjiang and Jianyang, due to the drought, the basic seedlings are generally insufficient, and the population is small and the growth is weak. There are also quite a few wheat fields that are too late to be planted, resulting in a small population. In addition, the plough layer of the dry slope is thin, and it is susceptible to drought in the later stage. Therefore, the current overall should be "promoting", for small groups, weak or lack of fertilizer, per mu of wheat for 5-8 kg of urea, to promote growth and floret differentiation. The available phosphorus in the wheat area of ​​the basin is generally lacking. It is best to use urea and diammonium phosphate to promote the growth of wheat. Try to apply the fertilizer to the manure water as much as possible. It is not feasible. It is also necessary to combine the paddy work and apply the fertilizer to the topsoil to enhance the fertilizer efficiency.
Zhao Guangcai: 3, defending rice blast from wheat field waterlogging
Zhao Guangcai: There are different degrees of wet damage in the paddy field in the plains and hills, especially from the jointing to the heading stage, which is a sensitive period of wheat wet damage. If the soil is too wet, the root activity will decrease, the function of the fertilizer will be weakened, and a large number of branches will die in a serious field, and the rate of ear formation will decrease. Therefore, before the spring rain comes, open the side ditch, the ditch, the drainage ditch, strengthen the ditch drainage work, reduce the groundwater level, and eliminate the waterlogging.
Zhao Guangcai: 4, strengthen the monitoring and prevention of pests and diseases
Zhao Guangcai: For stripe rust, the current monitoring and prevention center disease group is the focus, and there is no disease on the large area, and the points and pieces of the central disease group (sick disease) appear in time. From the end of February to the middle and late March, the diseased field was sprayed and controlled to control the disease to prevent a pandemic. In April, wheat enters the stage of flowering and grouting, and it is necessary to spray and control the diseased fields to ensure the normal physiological functions of plants and leaves. For scab, the spring and rain of wheat heading and flowering stage is more and more susceptible to infection, and it is necessary to prevent it during the flowering period.
Zhao Guangcai: It should be pointed out that in order to save labor and improve the control effect, two points should be grasped: First, the implementation of “one spray and multiple prevention†technology during the flowering period will prevent scab and prevent stripe rust and powdery mildew. It is mixed with the locust medicinal agents and used once. Second, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring, timely release the development of regional pests and diseases, increase technical guidance and unified prevention and control, and do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Moderator: I asked two experts from the perspective of a netizen. In 2011, the central government had a No. 1 document, which proposed to speed up the development of water conservancy reform. The northern part of China is a region with less precipitation. The two experts gave us a talk. This drought reflects the need for improvement in water conservancy construction.
Zhao Guangcai: We often go to the grassroots farmland to inspect and go to many wheat areas in the country for field visits. The irrigation facilities in the arid areas are insufficient. We should further strengthen policy support and increase investment, especially in farmland water conservancy construction, including drought-resistant drilling and well-draining. , repairing the brakes, improving irrigation capacity and drought resistance, and ensuring that the wheat fields can be irrigated in time.
Moderator: I am very grateful to the two scholars for their wonderful interpretation. Thanks to the netizens for watching, we will see you next time.
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