Although vitamins are relatively small in demand, vitamins are involved in various metabolic processes in the body and are catalysts for various biochemical reactions in the body. The effect of each vitamin on animals is irreplaceable by any other substance. If the animal lacks vitamins, it will have obvious adverse effects on growth and development. Therefore, the vitamins that are lacking must be added to the daily feed for the body's needs.
Determination of Vitamin Feed Standards
1. The standard of feeding vitamins is the demand value of various vitamins in animals . In the 1980s, China developed a standard for vitamin feeding in some animals, but it has not been updated for many years. The NRC (National Research Council) standard of the American Academy of Sciences is now available in a variety of categories and data. The NRC standard is the most basic requirement for vitamins in animals to prevent significant vitamin deficiency. The optimal amount of animal vitamins prescribed by some professional vitamin manufacturers such as Roche is the amount of animal that gives the best health and production performance. The optimal amount of vitamins in Roche is generally several to several times higher than the NRC standard. Therefore, when designing and applying vitamin additives, the standard of raising vitamins should be reasonably determined. Generally, it is higher than the NRC standard. The best demand standard. It is necessary to consider the effects of various factors such as feed variety, animal health status, feeding environment, formula cost, storage time, etc., and to grasp the maximum demand for animal growth and development as much as possible. In particular, the vitamin level of the animal's feed in a stress state should be increased.
2, appropriate over-application of vitamins, most of the stability is not high, in the processing and storage of feed, it is easy to cause losses and lower potency. In order to ensure that the animal eats enough vitamins, it should be added in excess, which is the added insurance factor of vitamins. Due to the different stability of different vitamins, the insurance factor is also inconsistent.
3, choose vitamin preparations Currently, vitamin preparations have a single vitamin and a multi-vitamin premix. When applied, you can determine whether you premix a variety of single vitamins or purchase multiple premixes. Small production units use more multi-vitamin premixes. Since the detection and quality judgment of vitamins is complicated, the products of professional manufacturers with good reputation should be selected.
4, pay attention to the effective content of vitamins, potency and stability of commercial products, most of the commercial vitamins are not pure and 100  potency vitamins such as vitamin E content is mostly 50  choline chloride is 50  biotin is 2 The activity of DD-calcium pantothenate is only 50 . Therefore, when purchasing and applying vitamins, attention should be paid to its effective content and potency and reasonable conversion. Different forms of vitamins of the same kind have different stability. For example, vitamin A palmitate is more stable than vitamin A alcohol. Vitamin E acetate is more stable than vitamin E alcohol. Nitrothiamine is more stable than thiamine hydrochloride. Polyphosphates are more stable than vitamin C. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to use stable vitamins as much as possible.
5, pay attention to the independent addition of choline and vitamin C. Because choline and vitamin C are easy to absorb moisture and destroy other vitamins, it is generally not premixed with other vitamins. Most commercially available multi-dimensional preparations do not contain choline and vitamin C. For example, the selection and use of multi-dimensional preparations should be noted that the appropriate amount of choline and vitamin C should be added independently according to the feeding standard.
6, according to the actual situation, flexible adjustment of vitamin feeding standards should not be static, but should be flexibly adjusted according to the actual formula, breeding environment, weather season and other factors to ensure that the animal's demand for vitamins under actual conditions to maintain a good state and Production performance. For example, high calcium and phosphorus feeds should increase the levels of vitamin A and vitamin D to increase the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. The vitamin E and biotin content should be increased during the breeding period to maintain good reproductive performance. High temperature and stress should increase the level of multivitamins, especially vitamin C. Animals with symptoms of vitamin deficiency should increase the level of the corresponding vitamins.
7. Necessary dilution and preservation of vitamins due to less dosage, and may react with each other and with other additives, destroying the potency, so it is best to make larger multiple dilutions before application, lower the concentration, and then with other vitamins. The additive is premixed. Especially when premixed with choline, trace elements and acid-base additives, it should be diluted to ensure better mixing uniformity and higher potency. A commonly used carrier for vitamin dilution and premixing is defatted corn starch. Vitamin products are sensitive to external factors such as light and heat and are prone to failure. Therefore, they should generally be stored in a low temperature, closed and dry environment. The use of sputum should be used as soon as possible after unsealing. The storage period should not exceed one month.
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