Seismic knowledge, seismic safety knowledge

First, earthquake knowledge

1. According to the causes of earthquakes, what types of earthquakes currently occur in the world?

It mainly belongs to tectonic earthquakes. According to statistics, tectonic earthquakes account for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes in the world.

2. What are the three basic parameters of an earthquake?

Location, magnitude and moment of origin.

3. What is the source, epicenter, epicenter distance?

The place where the earthquake occurred inside the Earth is called the source of the earthquake. The projection point of the source on the ground is called the epicenter. The distance from the epicenter to any point on the ground is called the epicentral distance.

4. Can the Earth be divided into several layers? Which layer often happens earthquakes?

The interior of the earth can be divided into three layers of crust, mantle, and core. According to statistics, about 92% of earthquakes occur in the earth's crust, and the rest occur in the upper part of the mantle.

5. How many earthquakes can occur on Earth in a year?

Earthquakes occur on Earth every day, and there are about 5 million times a year. Among them, about 50,000 people can feel it; about 1,000 times can cause damage; and magnitude 7 or more earthquakes have an average of more than a dozen times a year.

6. According to the cause of the earthquake divided into several categories?

Divided into natural earthquakes and artificial earthquakes. Natural earthquakes include structural earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes, and subsidence earthquakes. The vibrations directly caused by human factors are artificial earthquakes, such as those caused by underground nuclear explosions. The earthquake that we generally call it refers to natural earthquakes. It is a

The frequent occurrence of natural phenomena is a special manifestation of the movement of the earth's crust.

7. What is the depth of the source? What is shallow source earthquake, deep source earthquake, and middle source earthquake?

The distance from the epicenter to the source is called the focal depth. Earthquakes where the depth of the focal depth is within 70 km are shallow earthquakes; earthquakes whose focal depth exceeds 300 km are called deep-sourced earthquakes; earthquakes whose focal depths are between 70-300 km are middle-sourced ones.

8. What are local earthquakes, near earthquakes, and far earthquakes?

Epicenters within 100 kilometers are called local earthquakes; epicentral distances between 100 and 1000 kilometers are called near-shock; epicenters are more than 1,000 kilometers away and are called remote earthquakes.

9. What is the magnitude? What are the factors that affect the magnitude?

Magnitude is the magnitude of the earthquake itself, and it is related to the amount of energy released by the source. The greater the energy, the greater the magnitude; the difference in magnitude is about one and the difference in energy is about 30 times.

10. What types of earthquakes can be classified according to magnitude?

According to magnitude, earthquakes with magnitudes 7 and 7 are called large earthquakes; earthquakes with magnitudes 7 and 5, and magnitudes 5 and above are called strong or moderately strong earthquakes; levels 5, 3, and 3 or higher. , known as small earthquakes; below the 3rd, 1st or 1th above the weak shock and microseismic. Less than 1 is called super

Microseismic.

11. How many levels of the world’s largest earthquake are currently recorded?

Grade 8.9 occurred in the Chilean earthquake on May 22, 1960.

12. What is earthquake intensity? What are the factors that affect the intensity?

The degree of earthquake damage and damage to a certain area is called seismic intensity, or simply intensity. In general, the greater the magnitude, the greater the intensity. In the same earthquake, the epicentral distance was high, but the intensity was low. The factors that affect the intensity, in addition to the magnitude and epicenter distance, are also related to the depth of the earthquake.

Degree, geological structure and ground conditions and Other factors.

13. What is the difference between magnitude and intensity?

Magnitude reflects the size of the earthquake itself, and is only related to the amount of energy released by the earthquake. It is expressed in terms of “level”; while intensity indicates the degree of influence and damage on the ground. It is expressed in “degree”. There is only one magnitude and the intensity varies from place to place in an earthquake.
14. What is the intensity line? What is the role of the intensity map?

The intensity line is the connection of the same intensity points on the ground. The map of the intensity of intensity maps the overall contour of the earthquake and provides a scientific basis for the rapid assessment of earthquake disasters and the deployment of earthquake relief work.

15. What is a seismic sequence? What is the main shock, aftershocks, and foreshocks? Which types of earthquake sequences are generally divided into?

In a certain period of time, a series of earthquakes with different magnitudes occur in the same source area, and their seismogenic mechanisms have some intrinsic connection or a common seismogenic structure.

The strongest earthquake in a seismic sequence is called the main shock; the smaller earthquakes occurring in the same earthquake area after the main shock are called aftershocks; the smaller earthquakes occurring in the same earthquake area before the main shock are called foreshocks. Seismic sequences can be divided into the following categories:

(1) Earthquake swarms—no prominent main shocks. The main energy is released through multiple earthquakes of similar magnitude;
(2) Isolated (single earthquakes)—its main features are almost no foreshocks and almost no aftershocks.
(3) The main shock-main shock is of high magnitude and prominent. The energy released by the main shock accounts for more than 90% of the total seismic sequence. It is divided into two types: “main shock-aftershock type” and foreshock-main shock-aftershock type. class;

17. What is a destructive earthquake? A severely destructive earthquake?

Destructive earthquakes are earthquake events that cause a certain number of casualties and economic losses.

Severely destructive earthquakes are earthquake events that cause serious casualties and economic losses, and cause the disaster area to lose or partially lose its self-recovery capacity.

18. What is the "early earthquake" of the city? What are the most typical cities "early earthquakes"?

Earthquakes that occur underground in and around big cities are called urban “underground earthquakes.” This term is proposed by Japanese scholars. Such earthquakes often result in larger losses in cities.
The most typical cities in the “early-downward earthquake” are the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China and the 1995 Japan Koshin earthquake.

19. Who invented the world’s first seismograph (resonator)? For what year?

The world’s first seismograph (a geometeorologist) was invented by Zhang Heng, an Eastern Han scientist in China. It was recorded in the 132nd year of the Great Weixi Earthquake.

20. When and where did the earliest seismic stations and seismic telemetry stations in China were built?

In 1930, the first seismic station in China, the Beijing Xishan Xifeng Seismic Station, was established under the auspices of Mr. Li Shanbang and Mr. Qin Xinling. In 1966, the Beijing Telemetry Station was completed with 8 sub-stations. After the Haicheng earthquake in 1975, it was expanded for the first time. Twenty-one sub-stations were distributed in Beijing, Tianjin, Tang and Zhang regions.

. A second expansion was made in 1980 to implement the encryption project. After the Datong earthquake in 1990, a third expansion was carried out to implement the “North China Taiwan Network” project.

21. What is the difference between seismic transverse waves and longitudinal waves?

The transverse wave vibration direction is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction, and the longitudinal wave vibration direction coincides with the propagation direction. In the epicentral area, seismic waves directly hit the ground. The transverse waves show a side-to-side shaking, the longitudinal waves show a vertical jump, and the longitudinal waves travel faster than the transverse waves. In addition, the transverse wave amplitude is larger than the longitudinal wave.

The destructive power is large, and the horizontal shaking power of the transverse wave is the main cause of building damage.

22. What is a seismic zone? What are the major earthquakes in the world?

The area where the earthquake is more intense and more intense is called the seismic zone. There are two main earthquakes in the world:

(1) The Himalayan-Mediterranean seismic belt flows from Indonesia to Burma to the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas in the mountains. It crosses the Pamirs and passes through Asia and Central Asia to the Mediterranean Sea and nearby areas. The released energy accounts for 24% of the energy released by the global earthquake.
(2) The circum-Pacific seismic belt, including the Pacific coast of North and South America and from the Aleutian Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Japanese archipelago to the Taiwan Province of China, then turned southeast through the Philippine Islands until New Zealand. Released energy accounts for 76% of global seismic release energy;

23. Why is China a multi-earthquake country?

According to statistics, Earthquakes in China account for about one third of the world's mainland earthquakes. Our country is located between the two major earthquake belts in the world. Some areas are themselves part of the two seismic belts, and the vast areas are affected by it.

24. What are the provinces (autonomous regions) with more earthquakes in China?

China's provinces (regions) with more earthquakes are Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Sichuan.

25. What is the "Northern Seismic Belt"?

From Ningxia, China, through eastern Gansu, western Sichuan, and Yunnan, there is an earthquake-intensive belt that runs through mainland China and roughly south-north direction. It is called the north-south seismic belt in China and is called the north-south seismic belt. The zone extends northwards into Mongolia and southwards into Myanmar.

Second, earthquake disaster knowledge

1. What are the characteristics of earthquake disaster?
Earthquake disasters are the first of many disasters. They are characterized by suddenness and unpredictability, as well as high frequency, serious secondary disasters, and large social impacts.
2. What are the factors that affect the magnitude of the earthquake disaster?
Including natural factors and social factors. Among them are magnitude, epicentral distance, focal depth, inception time, seismogenic location, type of earthquake, geological conditions, seismic performance of buildings, regional population density, economic development and social civilization. Earthquake disasters can be prevented,

Comprehensive defense work is done to minimize natural disasters.
3. What are the direct earthquake disasters?
The earthquake caused damage to buildings and landslides, landslides, mudslides, landslides, subsidences, sandblasting, water and other surface damage and tsunami.
4. What is an earthquake secondary disaster?
A series of other disasters caused by the destruction of earthquakes, including fires, floods, leakage of gas and toxic gases, and bacteria, radioactive diffusion, plague and other disasters on life and property.
5. What is the source of secondary disasters?
The source of secondary disasters refers to the flammable, explosive, and toxic substances storage facilities, dams, embankments, etc. that may cause floods, fires, explosions, etc. due to earthquakes.
6. What is the most common disaster caused by the earthquake?
Destruction and collapse of various buildings (structures). The resulting casualties and direct economic and property losses.
7. What kind of secondary disasters are the most common due to earthquakes?
Fire.
8. When and where was the largest earthquake in our country's history?
The fire caused by the magnitude 8 earthquake in Yinchuan in 1739 burned for 5 days and 5 nights.
9. Why is the secondary disaster of the city's earthquake prominent?
The city is a region where various lifeline projects are highly concentrated. There are various underground pipe networks on the ground and the secondary disaster sources are concentrated. Therefore, secondary disasters are prominent.
10. When and where did the largest earthquake in China's history occur?
Flood caused by the M7.5 Earthquake in Diezhan, Sichuan Province in 1933. During the earthquake, the mountain collapsed and blocked the Lancang River, forming four dammed lakes. 45 days after the big earthquake, the lake broke up and caused downstream flooding. Floods spread across the country in more than a thousand years, flooding more than 20,000 people and destroying 50,000 acres of fertile land.
11. What are the factors that affect the casualties?
(1) Seismic intensity (magnitude and intensity);
(2) The epicenter distance;
(3) Population density in the earthquake zone;
(4) The seismic performance and density of buildings;
(5) Seismic season and time;
(6) Whether earthquake prediction;
(7) Whether there is an earthquake emergency plan;
(8) Rescue speed.
12. In the history of the world’s earthquake, which earthquake caused the greatest number of casualties?
On January 23, 1556, a magnitude 8 earthquake occurred in Hua County, Shaanxi Province. The death toll was about 830,000.
13. Why is China a country with extremely severe earthquake disaster?
China is located on the circum-Pacific seismic belt and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt. Seismic activity is frequent; China's earthquakes are mainly intraplate earthquakes, with features of shallow source, high frequency, high intensity, and wide distribution; China has a large population and buildings. Poor seismic performance, resulting in a higher rate of disasters

high. (An on-board earthquake is an earthquake that occurs inside a plate)

Third, earthquake prediction knowledge

1. What is the earthquake precursor? What are the common precursory phenomena?

The earthquake-related anomalies that occurred in the natural world before the earthquake were called earthquake precursors. Including micro precursors and macro precursors. The common earthquake precursory phenomena are: abnormal groundwater changes, abnormal reactions of animals, deformation of the earth's crust, small earthquake activity, ground sound, geo-light, geomagnetic change, gravity change

Chemical, geoelectricity, changes in ground stress, changes in radon gas content or other chemical composition in groundwater, changes in seismic wave velocity, etc.

2. What is the abnormal change in groundwater before the earthquake? Which interference should be excluded?

Groundwater level rise and fall, discoloration, taste change, turning flowers, bubbling, sudden changes in water temperature in hot springs, etc., may all be earthquake precursors. However, the change of groundwater is a very complicated phenomenon, and attention must be paid to eliminating precipitation (rain, snow), drought, fluctuations in rivers, melting of snow and ice,

Artificial water and irrigation, environmental pollution and other factors interfere.

3. Is it necessary to have an earthquake when the weather suddenly changes?

No. Before certain major earthquakes, there were records of meteorological anomalies. However, the relationship between meteorology and earthquakes is very complicated. Even if there is a correlation, it is relatively indirect, and it can only work under certain special conditions. Saying that weather changes happen frequently

Destructive earthquakes are rare. Some people think that an earthquake should occur when the weather changes. This kind of worry is completely unnecessary.

4. Does the abnormality of the animal's living habits mean that there must be a major earthquake?

Not necessarily. There are many reasons for the abnormality of animals' living habits: for example, changes in the weather, changes in living conditions, biological disturbances, changes in feeding conditions, and the effects of environmental pollution may cause abnormalities in animal life habits. In addition, the animal's physiological state

Changes, people's illusions of observation, etc., may be considered abnormal. We must determine whether the abnormalities are related to earthquakes on the basis of identifying abnormalities in true and false animals.

5. What is earthquake prediction? What are the three elements of earthquake prediction?

Earthquake prediction is the prediction of the time, location, magnitude, and intensity of earthquake damage and loss of destruction. The three elements of earthquake prediction refer only to the time, location and magnitude of the earthquake.

6. What is the mid-term, short-term and imminent earthquake prediction? What is the earthquake annual trend forecast?

Forecasting earthquakes that may occur in a few years to several decades or even hundreds of years in a certain area is called long-term earthquake prediction. Predictions of earthquakes that may occur within a few months to a few years in a certain area are called mid-earthquake predictions. The medium-term and long-term forecasts of earthquakes are collectively referred to as medium and long-term forecasts. To a place

Earthquakes that may occur within a few days to dozens of days or even months are forecasted as short-term forecasts. The prediction of an earthquake that may occur within a few days is called imminent earthquake prediction. The annual earthquake trend forecast is organized by the China Seismological Bureau and organizes experts every year for the next year.

The one-year or slightly longer-term trend forecast made by the location of the earthquake.

7. Which of the four countries in the world currently carry out earthquake prediction research work?

China, Japan, the United States, the former Soviet Union.

8. China's earthquake prediction level?

With the current scientific level, it is not yet possible to forecast most destructive earthquakes. However, under the premise of fully and reasonably applying existing practical experience and research results, under certain favorable conditions, it is possible to predict certain types of earthquakes to some extent.
China and the rest of the world, the current earthquake prediction is still at a low level of exploration stage, and compared with Japan, the United States and other countries, China's advanced technology in observation, in the basic theoretical research of earthquake prediction, there are certain gap. However, our country has

Accumulation of on-site forecasting experience has advantages. Frequent earthquakes in China that are above moderate intensity have provided China's seismic workers with more experimental opportunities for experimentation. In the mid-1970s, China had successfully forecast a 7.3 magnitude earthquake such as the Haicheng earthquake in Liaoning. Since the 1990s

China achieved a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Mengli, Yunnan in 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 and 6.4 in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm in Xinjiang in 1997, and four earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher in 6.2 in Ninglang County, Lijiang, Yunnan in November 1998, 1999 On December 29th, a series of successful short-range earthquakes such as the Xiayan Haicheng 5.6 Earthquake occurred in Liaoning

Pro forecast. This is unique in the world.
In general, China's earthquake forecasting levels are among the most advanced in the world.

IV. Earthquake rescue and mutual rescue knowledge and China's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction policy

1. How does personal protection work in the workplace when an earthquake strikes?
In the office, you must hurry to hide under the desk and quickly evacuate from the stairs after the earthquake. Workers working in factories should immediately shut down the machine, cut off the power supply, and then quickly withdraw to a safe place. For special departments (such as power plants, gas plants, steel mills, nuclear reactors, etc.) according to special operations

The program operates.

2. How does personal protection work in public places when an earthquake strikes?
In public places, the performances or competitions of the theaters and stadiums should be stopped immediately. The audience should hide under the benches, at the foot of the stage or in the orchestra, and arrange the spectators to evacuation in an orderly manner after the earthquake; the stadium in the competition should immediately stop the competition and stabilize the audience's emotions. To prevent panic and congestion,

Organized and evacuated to the empty security office. The students in class quickly avoided the desk. When the earthquake stopped, under the unified command of the teacher, they quickly withdrew from the classroom. They were shocked in the open area, avoiding congestion and jumping.

3. What are the first things that urban residents need to do to prevent secondary disasters during an earthquake?
Cut off the power supply and air supply to prevent fire.
4. Where should the evacuation be avoided during an earthquake?
Tall buildings, narrow hutongs, high-voltage lines, transformers, steep hillsides, river banks.
5. How is personal protection at home in the event of an earthquake?
Keeping a clear mind and making agile responses is the key to ensuring safety. Avoid dangers in your home, avoid escaping, and choose safer places (such as under the bed and under the table) to avoid; in the apartment building, you can choose to open a small bathroom, kitchen, storage room and wall

Avoid corners; At the same time, turn off the power, turn off the gas, and extinguish the fire to prevent fires and gas spills. When the high-rise tenants move downwards, they must not jump or take the elevator. After the major earthquake, use the gap between the two earthquakes to quickly evacuate.
6. What is the seismic safety evaluation of the construction site?
Seismic safety evaluation of engineering construction sites refers to the review of earthquake intensity, seismic hazard analysis, determination of design ground motion parameters, earthquake subdivision, evaluation of site and surrounding geological stability, and prediction of earthquake damage on the construction site of the project. . Its purpose is for engineering resistance

Seismic determination of reasonable standards for security, to achieve the safety of the earthquake, the purpose of building a reasonable investment.
7. What is the purpose of the United Nations to carry out the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction?
Integrate disaster reduction into government functions and turn government power into action by the people.
8. In 1994, the UN General Assembly decided to determine the day of the second Wednesday of October each year.
International Disaster Reduction Day
9. How do you perform personal protection outdoors when the earthquake strikes?
Stay awake and calm and make agile responses.
In the outdoors, the driver of the car must choose a brake in the safety zone. The driver of the train must take emergency braking measures to brake slowly; he must stay in an open place, away from tall buildings and high-voltage lines; pay attention to the rolling stone on the hillside and keep away from the steepness. Cliffs to prevent landslides and mudslides

Threatened.
10. What is lifeline engineering?
Mainly refers to projects that maintain the city's survival function and have a major impact on the national economy and people's livelihood. They mainly include water supply and drainage systems; electricity, gas, and oil pipelines, and other energy supply systems; telephone and radio and television and other information and communication systems; large-scale Medical system workers

As well as roads, railways and other transportation system projects, etc.
11. What was the theme of the "International Day for Disaster Reduction" in 1996?
Prevent and reduce urban disasters.
12. How does the General Secretary address the relationship between disaster reduction and economic development?
A: On June 25, 1993, the General Secretary formally proposed in his congratulatory letter to the China International Conference on Disaster Management, "China will continue to adhere to the guiding ideology of economic construction and disaster reduction, and integrate disaster reduction into the overall plan for national economic and social development. Go ahead and continue to prevent

The basic principle of the combination of defense, resistance, and rescue is to increase investment, strengthen disaster prevention, and increase the ability to resist natural disasters. ”
13. What are the main contents and working guidelines of local earthquake work in China?
Local earthquake work is directly led by local governments at or above the county level, mainly for the local social and economic development services. It is included in local social economic development plans, plans, and local fiscal pre-financial accounting management. It belongs to local social disaster prevention and public welfare undertakings. Regional earthquake resistance

Earthquake work. The local earthquake work is dedicated to the promotion and application of seismic science and technology, raising awareness of earthquake protection of the whole nation, maximizing defense and reducing earthquake disasters, and serving the local economic construction and social development.
14. What are the tasks, guidelines, and principles for the prevention and reduction of disasters?
We will disseminate information on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, disseminate information on earthquake prevention and reduction work, enhance the community’s awareness and capacity for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, increase people’s awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and respond to disasters, mobilize the public to participate in earthquake prevention and reduction, and provide services for economic development and social progress. Earthquake reduction

Disaster prevention work should follow the principle of “proactive, prudent, scientific, and effective” and adhere to the principle of “according to local conditions, making use of circumstances, making constant use of the situation, and often lasting and scientifically seeking truth”.

15. What is the long-term purpose of earthquake resistance in rural China?
(1) Gradually change the composition of rural building materials;
(2) Gradually change the architectural habits in rural areas, use structural forms with good seismic performance, construction measures and construction techniques to replace traditional structural forms, structural measures and construction methods that are unfavorable to earthquake resistance;
(3) Strengthen the popularization of earthquake and earthquake resistance knowledge, make earthquake prevention and disaster prevention become the actual action and conscious demand of farmers.
16. When did the fifth earthquake in our century begin in this year? In terms of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, what measures will China take?
In 1988. Basic countermeasures: Focus on prevention, comprehensive defense, and do a good job in earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake emergency, earthquake relief and reconstruction of the four links. There are eight specific measures:
(1) Establish and improve a work system for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in all provinces across the country;
(2) Establish and improve the laws and regulations for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction;
(3) Incorporate earthquake prevention and disaster reduction into the overall planning of social and economic development;
(4) Enhancing earthquake monitoring, forecasting and rapid response capabilities;
(5) Efforts should be made to do seismic work based on earthquake safety evaluation;
(6) Formulate an earthquake emergency plan;
(7) Increase recovery and reconstruction capabilities after the earthquake;
(8) Improve people's awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.

17. How to identify earthquake rumors?
(1) Earthquake predictions issued by the government (provincial level) should be completely believed!
Because it is a scientific and technical personnel of the earthquake monitoring and forecasting department, through collecting and monitoring a large number of seismic anomaly information, after careful and comprehensive research, with reference to past successful experience, it is very prudent to provide it to the government’s decision-making departments, and the government’s laws and regulations concerning the prevention and reduction of earthquake disasters. In the spirit of

It is for the sake of people's lives and property, and social stability.
(2) It is not issued by the government, but the time, location, and magnitude of the earthquake prediction are very accurate and not credible!
Earthquakes are a very complex natural phenomenon. Although scientists have made unremitting efforts in earthquake prediction and made some progress, there is still a lack of scientific disclosure of the causes and laws of earthquakes. The current earthquake forecast is only in the exploration stage and it is impossible to do it.

It's very accurate. Therefore, that kind of time is accurate to a certain day, even to a certain time. The location is in a very small range. Earthquake prediction with a very accurate magnitude surpasses the current scientific level.
(3) It is the credible forecast of a certain expert!
According to China's "Management Regulations for the Release of Earthquake Prediction," no individual has the right to arbitrarily release earthquake prediction opinions or messages to the society, no matter who he is. Since the earthquake prediction is in the exploratory stage, the scientists' predictions can only be provided to the earthquake department for reference. Personal person

It is illegal to distribute the predictions to the society.
(4) Foreign scientists predict that China's earthquake is not credible!
Earthquake prediction is a worldwide scientific problem. China's earthquake prediction level is at the leading position in the world. In terms of earthquake prediction, the level of foreign countries is not much higher than ours. Foreign scientists predict that earthquakes in China must be conducted in accordance with Chinese laws. In addition to the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities,

With the release of earthquake predictions, no individual or organization has the right to publish it, nor do foreigners.
(5) See or hear that the earthquake department is doing earthquake propaganda or other related work. Whether it is an earthquake or not!
Let the general public understand earthquake science knowledge, improve disaster awareness and ability, and do a good job of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. In any period, it is the sacred duty of the earthquake work department.
(6) It is not credible to listen to relatives and friends saying that an earthquake should occur!
Who did they hear? Therefore, earthquake rumors in the general society should not be believed, otherwise it will cause adverse social impact and even undermine social stability. After hearing the rumors, they should contact the local and county earthquake authorities.
(7) After a quake has occurred, whether there is a larger earthquake or not should be heard by the government.
(8) Messages concerning the occurrence of earthquakes with superstitious or ulterior motives not only do not believe, but also report to public security agencies.

18. What are the four aspects of China's earthquake prevention and reduction?
China's earthquake prevention and reduction work can be divided into four sections: earthquake monitoring and forecasting, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake emergency, and post-earthquake relief and reconstruction, according to their work contents and timing characteristics.

(1) Earthquake emergency refers to emergency response actions such as pre-earthquake emergency preparedness, impending earthquake emergency response, emergency response at the time of earthquake, and emergency rescue at the time of earthquake in response to a sudden earthquake event.
(2) Post-earthquake relief and reconstruction refers to the comprehensive disaster relief operations following the earthquake emergency and the restoration of production and reconstruction of homes.
(3) Earthquake monitoring and forecasting includes monitoring and forecasting the scientific and technical work of the future earthquake occurrence and the administration of the earthquake prediction society. In terms of the content of science and technology, it refers to the information on seismic activity and earthquake precursors for obtaining information related to earthquake occurrence.

Detection, transmission, processing and analysis, and on this basis, predictions of the time, area, and intensity of possible future earthquakes. The release of earthquake prediction shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures and authority stipulated by the State Council, and a unified release system shall be implemented. Earthquake monitoring and forecasting is earthquake reduction

The basic part of the disaster work, it provides the background and the three elements of seismic hazard information for other links, so as to take various targeted defense measures.
(4) Earthquake disaster prevention refers to defensive work done before the earthquake, including engineering defense measures and non-engineering defense measures. The engineering defensive measures mainly refer to earthquake-resistance requirements based on seismic fortification requirements on the basis of the earthquake safety evaluation of land-use earthquake zoning and engineering construction.

Fortifications include seismic design and construction of new constructions and facilities, and seismic strengthening of existing buildings and structures. Non-engineered defensive measures mainly refer to the legal disaster reduction in addition to the engineering defensive measures taken by the people's governments at all levels and relevant social organizations and individuals.

The activities include the establishment of a sound work system for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, the formulation of plans and plans for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and the work of propaganda, education, training, drills, and research for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, promotion of earthquake disaster insurance, and relief funds and material reserves.
19. What are the guidelines for China's earthquake relief work?
Self-reliance, hard struggle, development of production, reconstruction of homes.
20. What is the principle of earthquake relief in our country?
Mainly to local governments, supplemented by state subsidies; compensation for insurance; and the principle that central enterprises and public institutions are mainly responsible by the competent authorities.
21. What is the earthquake emergency?
It refers to emergency relief and earthquake rescue operations that are different from normal working procedures to reduce earthquake disasters.
22. What is the meaning of "Defense against Earthquake"?
The defense against earthquake disasters is a social action taken by people to prevent, mitigate, avoid and resist earthquake disasters. It is a long-term strategic approach based on prevention that humanity has established in the face of natural disasters.
23. What are the main functions of all levels of government in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction?
Decision-making, organization, command, coordination and supervision.
24. What is the guiding ideology for the new earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work during the active period?
Under the leadership of the Party and the government, we must give full play to the functions of earthquake mitigation and disaster reduction at all levels of government, promote the scientific advancement of earthquake science, and mobilize the active participation of the public; adhere to the principle of forecasting, forecasting the combination of prevention and rescue, and take the road of comprehensive defense. Limit the loss of earthquake disasters,

Provide services for economic construction and social stability.
25. What are the primary conditions for reducing the loss of earthquake damage after a destructive earthquake?
Leaders at all levels promptly went on duty to direct disaster relief and started the “Destructive Earthquake Emergency Plan” to take emergency measures decisively to organize disaster relief in a timely and effective manner.
26. What is the basic strategy for China's earthquake relief?
(1) Implementing a disaster prevention system based on prevention;
(2) Implement organization and command based on the administrative region;
(3) Give play to the role of the army, militia, and disaster relief teams of various specialties.
27. What are the four aspects of the earthquake relief report?
Population impact, economic impact, social impact and environmental impact.
28. How to conduct earthquake investigations, assessments, and reports?
Under the leadership of the higher people's government, the earthquake department will take the lead and work with relevant industry departments in accordance with regulations.
29. What are the principles of earthquake relief?
(1) Quick reaction principle;
(2) Carry out the principle of self-rescue and mutual rescue in the nearest place;
(3) Highlight key principles;
(4) The principle of active cooperation;
(5) The principle of active reporting