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Researchers at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor announced that they have developed an ultra-low-power MCU for energy harvesting (speech number: 8.2) at the ISSCC 2015 International Conference on Semiconductor Circuit Technology. The minimum power consumption is 295pW. "Lowest power consumption in MCUs to date" (University of Michigan). A demonstration using a tiny solar cell-driven MCU with an area of ​​only 0.09 mm2 was also made. The new generation of chips under development also plans to integrate solar cells on-chip, and it seems that MCUs without external power supply can be realized.
The developer is a research team of Professor David Blaauw of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Blaauw et al. designed novel circuits that can significantly reduce leakage currents for the various logic gates that make up the logic processor. For example, inverters, NAND, NOR, and triggers.
The idea of ​​reducing leakage currents for these circuits is generally the same, starting with the development of an autonomous “Dynamic leakage-suppression (DLS) inverterâ€. The ordinary inverter consists of 2 transistors, while the DLS inverter consists of 4 transistors. The first is to use two or more transistors together to reduce the leakage current. In addition, a certain percentage of the voltage of the power supply circuit is maintained, and it is found that this part of the circuit becomes a special state called “super cutoff†in which almost no current flows. Other logic gates are also implemented based on this DLS inverter.
In addition, Blaauw and others also based on the library of these new types of logic operation circuits, the ARM ARM's MCU core architecture "ARM Cortex M0+" and peripheral circuits such as memory are packaged together on a silicon chip. The 0.18μm process is used during manufacture.
The MCU's power consumption is 295pW at an operating frequency of 2Hz and an operating voltage of 0.55V. The operating frequency is very low because it is intended for use in energy harvesting. It is said that, even though the frequency of the conventional technology is reduced, the leakage current is so large that such low power consumption cannot be achieved.
Incidentally, the power consumption of 295pW, in a 240lux room where the book cannot be read, uses a silicon-based solar cell with a surface area of ​​only 0.09mm2 to provide sufficient power. Blaauw et al. have integrated a solar cell chip on the silicon die of the MCU. Although power for communications needs to be additionally considered, as long as it is in a place where common-sense lighting is available, it is expected to be used as an MCU that virtually eliminates the need for an external power supply. (Reporter: Nozawa Tetsuo)
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