Bearing history

Judging from the archaeological relics and materials, the ancient Chinese bearing bearings with modern rolling bearing structures emerged in Xuejiaya Village, Yongji County, Shanxi Province, from 221 to 207 BC (in Qin Dynasty). China is one of the world's earlier inventions of rolling bearings. In ancient Chinese books, the structure of axle bearings has been documented for a long time. Since the founding of New China, especially since the 1970s, under the strong push of reform and opening up, the bearing industry has entered a new era of High Quality and rapid development.
In the past 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese bearing industry has achieved remarkable achievements. The early form of linear motion bearings was a row of wooden poles placed under the seesaw. This technique may be traced back to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza, although there is no clear evidence. Modern linear motion bearings use the same principle of operation, except that balls are sometimes used instead of rollers. Early sliding and rolling body bearings are wooden. Ceramics, sapphire, or glass are also used. Steel, copper, other metals, plastics (such as nylon, bakelite, Teflon, and UHMWPE) are commonly used.
At the end of the seventeenth century, C. Vallo of the United Kingdom designed and manufactured ball bearings and installed them on the postal trains, and P. Worth of the United Kingdom obtained patents on ball bearings. At the end of the eighteenth century, Germany's HR Hertz published a paper on ball bearing contact stress. Based on the achievements of Hertz, Germany's R. Streibeck and Sweden's A. Pamgren and others conducted extensive tests and contributed to the development of the design theory and fatigue life calculation of rolling bearings. Subsequently, Russia's NP Petrov applied Newton's law of viscosity to calculate bearing friction. O. Reynolds of the United Kingdom conducted a mathematical analysis of Thor's findings and derived the Reynolds equation, which laid the foundation for the hydrodynamic lubrication theory.
From heavy-duty axles and machine spindles to precision timepiece parts, rotary bearings are required in many applications. A simple rotary bearing is a sleeve bearing, which is simply a bushing sandwiched between the wheel and the axle. This design was subsequently replaced by rolling bearings, which replaced the original bushing with many cylindrical rollers, each rolling like a single wheel. The early and practical rolling bearing with a cage was invented by the watchmaker John Harrison in 1760 for the production of the H3 timepiece.
An example of an early ball bearing was found on an ancient Roman vessel found on the Italian Lake of Naples. This wooden ball bearing is used to support the rotating table top. This ship was built in 40 BC. It is said that Leonardo Da Vinci described a type of ball bearing about 1500 years ago. Among the various immature factors of ball bearings, there is a very important point that collisions between balls will occur, causing additional friction. However, this can be prevented by placing the ball in a small cage. In the 17th century, Galileo made premature descriptions of "fixed ball" or "caged ball" ball bearings. But for a long time to come, installing bearings on machines has not been realized. One patent on ball channel was obtained by Carmarthen's Philip Vaughan in 1794.
In 1883, Friedrich Fisher proposed the use of suitable production machines to grind steel balls of the same size and roundness. This laid the foundation for creating an independent bearing industry. The first letter combination of "FischersAutomatischeGußstahlkugelfabrik" or "FischerAktien-Gesellschaft" became a trademark and was registered on July 29, 1905. In 1962, the FAG trademark was modified and used until now, and became an integral part of the company in 1979.
In 1895, Henry Timken designed a tapered roller bearing, which was patented three years later and established Timken.
In 1907, Sven Winquist of the SKF Bearing Factory designed the early modern self-aligning ball bearings ( Samick bearings ).

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