All kinds of gas discharge lamps are composed of a bulb, an electrode and a discharge gas, and the basic structure is similar. A vacuum gas seal is connected between the bulb and the electrode, and the bulb is filled with a discharge gas. The gas discharge lamp cannot be separately connected to the circuit, and must be connected to the circuit with an auxiliary device such as a trigger or a ballast to start and stabilize the work. The start of the discharge lamp usually applies a higher voltage than the supply voltage, sometimes up to several thousand volts or tens of thousands of volts. The above requirements can be met by using a leakage transformer or by using a starter. Arc discharges generally have a negative volt-ampere characteristic, i.e., the voltage decreases with increasing current. If the discharge lamp is separately connected to the grid, the bulb or circuit components will be destroyed by overcurrent. The discharge lamp and ballast are used in series to stabilize the operation. The ballast can be a resistor, an inductor or a capacitor. Generally, in the case of a DC power supply, a resistance ballast is used, a low-frequency AC power source is used for inductive ballasting, and a high-frequency capacitor is used for ballasting.
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