Occupational disease hazards in China are widespread across various industries, ranging from traditional sectors like coal mining, metallurgy, and chemical engineering to modern fields such as automobile manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, computer technology, and biotechnology. As business models and employment systems evolve, especially with the growth of private enterprises, a large number of migrant workers have entered jobs that are often considered "bitter, dirty, tiring, and dangerous." As a result, these workers are among the most vulnerable groups affected by occupational diseases.
Currently, there are over 600,000 patients suffering from pneumoconiosis in China, which is the leading type of occupational disease, accounting for more than 80% of all reported cases. Among them, coal miners are particularly at risk. Pneumoconiosis occurs due to long-term exposure to mineral dust, which severely damages the respiratory system's ability to clear and defend against harmful particles, significantly weakening the body's immunity. Consequently, patients often develop various complications. The primary cause of death among these patients is related to respiratory issues, including tuberculosis, lung infections, and pneumothorax. Cardiovascular diseases also rank high, mainly due to chronic pulmonary heart disease.
Experts point out that one of the main reasons for the high incidence of occupational diseases is the outdated protective equipment technology used in many workplaces. In addition, many companies fail to implement adequate safety measures. Protective gear such as clothing, masks, eye protection, hearing protection, and footwear is often underused or not properly maintained, directly or indirectly harming employees' health. Some employers neglect these issues, while others lack awareness or knowledge about proper safety practices.
To reduce risks, migrant workers should undergo preventive health screenings before starting a new job. This helps assess their health status and identify any conditions that may make them unsuitable for certain roles. It also provides essential health information for future job placements.
Before starting work, migrant workers should follow four key steps: sign a labor contract, complete a pre-employment health check, receive training on occupational health and safety, and obtain necessary protective supplies. During the job, they should "stay alert" by paying attention to warning signs, following safe operating procedures, using protective facilities, and consistently wearing personal protective equipment. When leaving the job, they must ensure proper handling of protective equipment, showering, changing clothes, and maintaining their gear to minimize exposure risks.
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