Dyeing properties of reactive dyes on soy protein composite fibers

The study focused on the dyeing properties of Remazol RR series reactive dyes on soy protein composite fibers, examining factors such as dye uptake, fixation rate, and the SERF value. Results indicated that this series of dyes demonstrated high levels of dye uptake and fixation when applied to soy protein composite fibers, with excellent reproducibility. Comparing the yellow Y-RR dyed soy protein composite fibers with cotton fibers, it was observed that soy protein composite fibers and cotton fibers exhibited distinct dyeing behaviors. Specifically, prior to the addition of alkali, the reactive dye showed some degree of fixation on the soy protein composite fibers, suggesting a simultaneous adsorption and fixation process. This phenomenon was hypothesized to involve the reaction of reactive dyes with basic amino acids in the soy protein composite fibers. Furthermore, it was emphasized that the dyeing process of soy protein composite fibers requires careful control to ensure proper leveling. Additionally, the dyeing characteristics of soy protein composite fibers should not be evaluated solely based on the SERF values derived from cotton fiber reactive dyeing but should be adjusted according to specific conditions. Keywords: Remazol RR reactive dye; soy protein composite fiber; dyeing performance; SERF value; dye uptake rate; fixation rate As living standards improve, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly fibers that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Soy protein composite fibers align well with these demands. Derived from soybean meal post-oil extraction, these fibers are modified and grafted with polymers such as polyethylene to create a unique blend. The resulting fibers exhibit low linear density, low density, lightweight, high strength, a soft feel akin to cashmere, and a silky luster, making them highly absorbent and comfortable to wear. The Remazol RR series reactive dyes, manufactured by DyStar, are renowned for their excellent water solubility, high fixation rates, and superior fastness properties. Their stability stems from the vinyl sulfone reactive group and ruthenium-based dye precursors. This research group investigated the dyeing characteristic values of the Remazol RR series reactive dyes on soy protein composite fibers under controlled conditions, providing valuable insights for their practical application in industrial settings. Materials and Methods: 1.1 Materials: - Soy protein composite fiber (14.6 tex) blended with spandex (2.2 tex) elastic knitted fabric (provided by Wuxi Hengtian Textile Co., Ltd.) - Pure cotton knitwear - Reagents: Remazol RR series reactive dyes, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, citric acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, flat plus O, neutral soaping agent 1.2 Instruments: - Oscillating dyeing machine, 722S visible light spectrophotometer, Color-eye 7000A computer color matching instrument 1.3 SERF Value Research: Dyeing conditions: 2% dye, 40 g/L Yuanming powder, 3 g/L soda ash, 0.5 g/L flat plus O, bath ratio 1:30. Soaping conditions: 2 g/L neutral soaping agent, 90°C, 15 min. 1.4 Determination of SERF Value: Dye uptake rate was measured using the residue liquid colorimetric method. The S value represents the dye uptake rate before dyeing for 40 minutes. The E value is the dye uptake rate at the end of dyeing. The R value is the ratio of the dye's fixing rate at the end of dyeing at 5 minutes. The F value is the dye's fixing rate after washing away the floating color at the end of dyeing. 1.5 Determination of Transfer Dyeing Index (MI): Two equal-weight fabrics were dyed simultaneously in the same dye bath, followed by a transfer dyeing test. 1.6 Determination of Leveling Factor (LDF): Calculated based on specific formulas. Results and Discussion: 2.1 Dyeing and Fixation Rates: The dyeing and fixation experiments of soy protein composite fibers using Remazol RR series reactive dyes revealed consistent patterns. The initial dyeing rate was rapid, slowing down gradually, accelerating again upon alkali addition, and reaching a new equilibrium. 2.2 SERF Values: The Remazol RR series dyes showed high R values, indicating strong reactivity but also susceptibility to hydrolysis. The E-S difference was relatively small, suggesting good leveling properties. 2.3 Comparison with Cotton Fiber: Before alkali addition, soy protein composite fibers showed simultaneous adsorption and fixation, differing from cotton fibers. Post-alkali addition, both fibers exhibited similar fixation rates, though the fixation mechanism differed due to structural differences. Conclusions: - Remazol RR series reactive dyes perform well on soy protein composite fibers. - Proper dyeing process control is essential for soy protein composite fibers. - SERF values for cotton fibers cannot fully characterize soy protein composite fibers. References: [1] Tang Rencheng. Study on the structural properties and dyeing and finishing of soybean fiber [D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2006. [2] DyStar Company. New reactive dye Remazol (Rimasol) RR three primary color system [J]. Textile Guide, 1998 (2): 44-45. [3] Feng Kailu, Xue Jiadong. Pre-printing treatment [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2006. [4] Libo. Discussion on the dyeing properties of soy fiber by acid and reactive dyes [D]. Suzhou: Suzhou University, 2005. [5] Zhao Tao. Dyeing and Finishing Technology Course: Volume 2 [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2005. [6] He Yuxin. Dye Chemistry [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2004. [7] Yin Yu, Wang Chunmei, Han Haijun, et al. Reactive dye SERF value test and compatibility performance [J]. Dyes and Dyeing, 2003, 40(1): 26-29. [8] Chen Rongzhen. Dyeing characteristic value of reactive dyes for exhaustion and its application (2) [J]. Printing and dyeing, 1994, 20 (4): 36-40. [9] Tang Rencheng, Mei Shiying, Wang Huajie, et al. Reactive dye dyeing of soybean fiber and its fixing mechanism [J]. Printing and dyeing, 2003, 29 (9): 5-9. [10] Fang Xuejuan. Relationship between soybean fiber structure and dyeing performance [J]. Woolen Technology, 2002 (6): 21-23. Note: This article is an excellent paper presented at the 24th (2011) National Knitting Dyeing and Finishing Symposium.

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