One of the key differences between halogen bulbs and traditional incandescent lamps is the use of halogen gas inside the glass envelope. This gas, typically iodine or bromine, plays a crucial role in extending the bulb’s lifespan. When the filament heats up, tungsten atoms begin to evaporate and travel toward the inner surface of the glass. Upon reaching the cooler areas, these tungsten atoms combine with the halogen gas to form a compound called a tungsten halide—either tungsten iodide or tungsten bromide. This compound then moves back toward the hotter center of the bulb, where it breaks down again into pure tungsten and halogen gas. The tungsten returns to the filament, replenishing the material that was lost during evaporation. This process, known as the halogen cycle, significantly increases the bulb's life—often by up to four times compared to standard incandescent bulbs. Additionally, because the filament can operate at higher temperatures without degrading quickly, halogen bulbs produce brighter light, have a higher color temperature, and are more energy-efficient.
Although the basic principle of light emission in a tungsten halogen lamp is similar to that of an incandescent bulb—both rely on heat radiation—the presence of the halogen gas makes all the difference. The gas inside the bulb is usually a mixture of 95% dibromomethane and helium, along with 5% high-purity nitrogen. This special gas creates the halogen cycle that prevents the filament from deteriorating rapidly. As the tungsten evaporates, it reacts with bromine at the cooler parts of the bulb, forming WBr₂. Then, when this compound reaches the hotter regions near the filament, it decomposes, releasing tungsten back onto the filament and returning bromine to the gas. This continuous cycle ensures that the filament remains intact for longer, reduces blackening of the bulb’s interior, and minimizes the risk of hot spots that could lead to failure. As a result, halogen bulbs not only last longer but also maintain consistent brightness and performance over time.
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Steam or hot water can be injected into the pump body or pump cover to keep the working chamber constant temperature. Prevent the material solidifying resulting in damage to the seal when starting up.
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