A total of 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into three groups, with 25 birds in each group and four replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet without any additives, while the experimental groups I and II received diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.4% fumaric acid, respectively. The trial was conducted in two growth phases: the first phase from day 1 to day 21, and the second phase from day 22 to day 42. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and crude protein digestibility were measured at the end of each phase. The results indicated that the inclusion of 0.2% and 0.4% fumaric acid significantly improved body weight gain, feed efficiency, survival rate, and protein digestibility during both growth periods. However, no significant differences were observed in slaughter performance metrics such as carcass yield and breast meat percentage. When considering overall performance, the group supplemented with 0.2% fumaric acid showed the most favorable outcomes. These findings suggest that fumaric acid can be an effective feed additive for enhancing broiler growth performance, particularly at a concentration of 0.2%.
Diesel engine is an engine that burns diesel fuel to obtain energy release. The working process of a diesel engine is actually the same as that of a gasoline engine, and each working cycle also goes through four strokes: air intake, compression, work and exhaust.
The diesel engine sucks pure air in the intake stroke. When the compression stroke is nearing the end, the diesel fuel is increased to more than 10MPa by the fuel injection pump, and is injected into the cylinder through the fuel injector, and mixed with the compressed high-temperature air in a very short time to form a combustible mixture. Due to the high compression ratio of the diesel engine (generally 16-22), the air pressure in the cylinder can reach 3.5-4.5MPa at the end of compression, and the temperature is as high as 750-1000K (while the mixture pressure of the gasoline engine at this time will be 0.6-1.2MPa, and the temperature will reach 600-700K), which greatly exceeds the autoignition temperature of diesel. Therefore, after the diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder, it mixes with the air in a very short time and immediately ignites and burns on its own. The air pressure in the cylinder rises sharply to 6-9MPa, and the temperature also rises to 2000-2500K. Driven by high-pressure gas, the piston moves downward and drives the crankshaft to rotate to do work, and the exhaust gas is also discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.
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