Japanese researchers reported in a new issue of the British magazine Nature that they defined the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthesis "unit" in plants. This discovery will help simulate plant photosynthesis technology research and development, and it is expected to provide new ideas for solving energy problems. The photosystem II in the plant chloroplast is a photosynthesis “unit†that is a complex of protein and catalyst that absorbs the energy of sunlight and breaks it down into oxygen and hydrogen ions.
The research team of the University of Okayama and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Japan used the large-scale synchrotron radiation source SPring8 to study the structure of the catalyst in the photosystem II. However, due to prolonged radiation, the catalyst was damaged, and its exact structure could not be clarified.
This time, the research team used the high-performance X-ray free electron laser device SACLA to analyze the light system II in detail. It was found that this photosynthesis "unit" consists of 19 proteins and a manganese-containing catalyst, and its three-dimensional structure was determined.
Researchers say that the catalyst in Photosystem II is shaped like a twisted chair that effectively breaks down water. This discovery will provide a reference for the development of catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. For example, if we can develop artificial photosynthesis that can efficiently convert solar energy into chemical energy or electric energy, we hope to find applications in the fields of eco-friendly vehicles such as fuel cells.
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