Philosophical Thinking on the Study of High Performance of Polymer Materials

Philosophical Thinking on the Research of High Performance Polymer Materials LIU Zhimeng, LUO Yuanfang 2(1. Institute of Polymer Materials and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Dongguan University, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China; 2. School of Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China) Analyze the difficulties and hot issues in the field of high performance epoxy resin materials research, analyze and explore the root causes of scientific innovation, and explore the feasibility, practicality, and feasibility of developing high performance epoxy resin substrates. The way was discussed. Finally, based on the scientific category, theory, law and logic of polymer materials, the methodology of high-performance epoxy resin research was proposed.

The manufacture of new materials has been highly valued since ancient times. The history of material development reflects the civilization history of human society development from the side of productivity. Therefore, historians often classify human society into Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age according to representative materials at that time. After thousands of years of continuous development, in the 21st century today, we have entered the era of new materials.

Materials are the foundation for the development of science and industrial technology. The appearance of a new material can bring about tremendous changes in the social material civilization and bring about epoch-making breakthroughs in the development of new technologies. Although polymer science as a science only has a history of several decades, it is particularly noticeable in the development of new materials. In the 40 years of the 20th century from the 40s to the 80s, the average annual growth rate of steel in the world was 5.7%, timber was 1.6%, cement was 6.4%, and plastic was 13.6%, and continued to grow at more than 10%. .

Since entering the 1980s, high-tech has developed rapidly worldwide, and fierce competition has taken place in the world. Countries all want to have a place in biotechnology, information technology, space technology, energy technology, and marine technology. The importance of materials has been fully understood. Energy, information, and materials have been recognized as the three pillars of today's social development. This is a problem of high-performance research in polymer materials. People have begun to explore from different perspectives. High-performance epoxy resin materials, because of their important position in the IT industry, are increasingly becoming one of the materials that the material and IT industries have developed preferentially.

For more than a decade, Chinese scholars have also made a series of studies on the status quo and future of high-performance epoxy resin materials, and issued many insights. They deeply feel that there is an urgent need to study the future development direction of this field. On the basis of a more comprehensive historical survey, the author takes the perspective of the philosophical, sociological, and methodological perspectives of the technology sciences, taking the high-performance research of epoxy resin materials as an example, and looks at the future direction of the future.

1 Development of high-performance epoxy resin materials Forward-looking epoxy resins are thermosetting resins that contain, on average, two or more epoxy groups per molecule.

Fund Project: Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, such as 0862)-), male, Guangxi Bobai, associate professor, doctoral student, research in high-performance polymer materials and environmental protection With the development of production and science and technology, Aerospace, electronics, electrical and other fields continue to put forward a variety of new requirements for epoxy materials. In general, in the future, epoxy resin materials are developing in the direction of 'high performance, high functionality, compoundness, refinement, specialization, and serialization.' One of the main directions of development is to meet the needs of aerospace, electronic information, automotive industry, home appliances, and other technical fields, and the performance of epoxy materials, such as mechanical properties, heat resistance, durability, and corrosion resistance, is further enhanced. The high-performance research of epoxy resin materials mainly includes the high performance of a single epoxy resin material, the high-performance of modification technology, etc. Modification and design of existing products have new structure of epoxy resin materials. It is the main way to improve performance and develop new varieties in the future.

1.2 Highly functionalized epoxy resin materials have outstanding advantages such as low shrinkage, good adhesion, electrical insulation and chemical resistance, making it an indispensable material in the packaging of electronic components and the manufacture of electrical insulating parts. In particular, with the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, the industrialization of integrated circuit plastic packaging has made epoxy molding materials a dominant material.

Molding compounds for integrated circuit packaging require epoxy resins with high purity and high functionality.

1.3 Compounding The long-standing composite materials represent the development direction of the material. Composite materials are closely related to polymer materials, and polymer materials are one of the most important substrates for structural composite materials'. Composite materials based on fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) have not only entered large-scale production and application at present. Stage and will continue to develop in the future.

Epoxy resin material has excellent infiltration and adhesion to various fibers. The cured product has high mechanical properties and resistance to acids, alkalis, and various chemicals, and is an important component of composite materials. The glass fiber reinforced material with epoxy resin as the base material has very excellent performance, so the FRP made of epoxy resin material in aviation, aerospace, military, shipbuilding, marine engineering technology, electrical/electronic insulation, printed circuit board The automotive industry and other fields have been widely used. The governments of all developed countries have paid great attention.

1.4 Refinement In recent years, electronic information technology has changed rapidly, requiring raw materials used and processing technology used to further develop toward high purity, ultra-purification, refinement, functionality, and flame retardancy. Epoxy resin materials as electronic potting materials and FRP materials for electronic circuit boards are required to be refined.

1.5 Specialization and serialization With the development of science and technology and industry, epoxy resin materials are becoming more specialized and serialized according to different uses. In recent years, the power station has developed towards the direction of high current and high voltage, and the insulation requirements for power transmission and transformation equipment have been higher. Therefore, the dry type, integral insulation structure and the hermetically sealed process using epoxy resin materials are encapsulated in power transformers, transformers, and insulation. Beads and other products are widely used. However, these applications require the epoxy resin material system to have better process stability, and form specialization and serialization.

In order to obtain the above-mentioned high-performance epoxy resin materials, polymer scientists in recent years have proposed the synthesis of polymer materials with specific properties or functions as required, namely, the concept of so-called 'polymer molecular design' and material design. Start basic research work: 1 Continue to further research the relationship between the composition, structure, and properties (or functions) of materials to find qualitative and quantitative laws; 2 Synthesize epoxy resins with the specified molecular structure as required; 3 During the solidification molding, a certain aggregated structure, high-order structure, and the inherent relationship with the molding conditions and process parameters and the relationship between the rules are required.

The Journal of Dongguan University of Technology 2003 2 Thinking Strategy for the Study of High-Performance Epoxy Resins 2.1 The Necessity of Development of High-Performance Epoxy Resins High-performance epoxy resins have high bonding strength, wide bonding surface, low shrinkage, and stability. Good performance, excellent electrical insulation, high mechanical strength, good processing performance, and other outstanding advantages, has a wide range of uses and more and more attention. The following only describes the applications of the integrated circuit (1C) industry and the printed circuit board (PCB) industry.

(1) The development of the 1C industry requires high-performance epoxy materials. In recent years, the development of high-performance epoxy resins is closely linked with the development of the 1C industry. To talk about the state of research on high-performance epoxy resins, we must first introduce the semiconductor industry. Semiconductor devices are divided into diodes, thyristors, thyristors, individual components and small-scale integrated circuits (SSI) from the interior of the company, and large-scale integrated circuits (MSI large scale integration). Since the 1980s, the semiconductor industry has achieved remarkable development. It is compact, highly integrated, highly reliable, and flat. The degree of integration and scale is a reflection of the level. In 1998, the wire diameter was 37% 10 years ago, reaching a magnitude of 0.3|Jim, and the area of ​​silicon wafers is increasing. The speed of development of the degree of integration is astonishing. Taking the DRAM dynamic random access memory circuit as an example, the average integration rate is increased by 4 times every 3 years. 13. 1C is composed of micro components and precise circuits fabricated on a silicon chip. The dust, heat, moisture, mechanical impact, etc. will affect it, so 1C must be packaged with a shell. The early packaging materials were metal and ceramic, which were eliminated due to their large size, complicated process, and high cost. Another feature of the development of the electronics industry is that the mounting method of 1C on printed circuits has been developed from the insertion method to the surface mounting direction, and the mounting density has been continuously improved. Therefore, the flattening of 1C is the mainstream. In order to reduce the package size and increase the production efficiency, the current 1C is mainly encapsulated by molding with an epoxy molding compound.

Due to the rapid development of the 1C industry, epoxy resin encapsulating molding compounds must keep pace with the rapid and varied changes in integrated circuits, so in recent years, research on epoxy resin substrates, raw materials, components, and processing technologies has become very active. High-performance epoxy resins are also emerging. With the industrialization of ultra-high integration chips, higher and higher technical and technological requirements have been put forward for packaging materials.

(2) The development of the printed circuit board (PCB) industry requires halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins. The copper clad plate kpper-cladlaminate (CCL) is a basic material for the electronics industry. It is mainly used for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and is widely used in electronic products such as household appliances, computers, and communications equipment. Since the mid-1950s, when copper clad laminates (CCL) were introduced in large-scale industrialization, it has gone through more than 40 years of development. The current annual output of various types of CCL in the world totals about 260 million m2. China's CCL industry has become a major producer of CCL under the drive of the rapidly developing printed circuit board (PCB) industry. Since the beginning of 1986, the total output of the three types of conventional CCL in China has experienced rapid growth: 1995 was about 9 times that of 1986; in 1998 it was about 21 times that of 1986. During the five years between 1993 and 1998, the annual output (in terms of area) increased by 343%, and the average annual growth rate was 40% to 50%. In 2000, the total output of CCL in China reached 54 million m2, and the sales amount reached 11 billion. RMB 2.2 high-performance epoxy resin in the high-tech industry in an important position Currently, some developed countries are focusing on human and material resources, and seek breakthroughs in new materials. The United States, the European Community, Japan, and South Korea, among their latest national plans, have included new materials and their preparation technologies as one of the country's key technologies. For example, the members identified by the National Research Council (NRC) will list new materials as the top six key technologies that affect economic prosperity and national security. Among the 22 key technologies identified in the early 1990s, materials accounted for 5 items.

Recently, China has identified eight high-tech fields that have the most strategic impact on enhancing the overall national strength during the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period: Information Technology, Biotechnology, New Materials Technology, Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Resource and Environment Technology, Aerospace Technology Energy technologies, advanced defense technologies, etc. The focus is on information, biology, and new materials, and high-performance epoxy resin materials are the supporting new materials that China's development of high-tech industries such as 1C must give priority to.

3 The dialectical thinking on the research path of high-performance epoxy resin materials The key to innovation is to find breakthroughs and entry points. Breakthroughs are not delusional ideas. They must be based on existing materials in disciplines and related disciplines, and they must achieve dialectical thinking. That is, through analysis, analogy, analogy, induction, deduction, and other logical analysis to achieve innovation.

The most common representative type of epoxy resin material is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, commonly known as bisphenol A epoxy resin. From its chemical structure to analyze features such as.

Adhesion Resistance Corrosion Resistance Heat Resistance and Rigid Adhesion Heat Resistance and Rigidity Corrosion Resistance General Molecular Structure Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Adhesion General-purpose epoxy resins having such a structure can only be used for general purposes. To make its cured product flame-retardant, flame retardant must be added before it cures. Traditional flame retardant methods are achieved by the following methods: 4) Epoxy resin is the main resin, and liquid or solid flame retardant containing bromine or chlorine is added to make the cured epoxy resin product flame retardant.

6) Curing with an epoxy resin and a halogen-containing curing agent to make the cured product flame-retardant.

Including) by means of modification, the introduction of halogen elements such as brominated epoxy resin in the molecular structure of the epoxy resin backbone, this type of resin is a reactive resin flame retardant, its structure as.

Adhesion Corrosion resistance Bromine (Br) Flame-retardant Adhesion Bromine (Br) Flame retardancy Corrosion resistance Adhesion Reactivity Flame retardant epoxy resin Molecular structure characteristics Currently in the electronic circuit board industry The epoxy resin used belongs to the third category. Due to the large number of electronic circuit boards used in the IT industry, the potential pollution caused by the halogen-containing flame retardant has attracted close attention from the industry.

Therefore, the development of non-halogenated high performance epoxy materials is imminent. How to design a non-halogen flame-retardant epoxy resin material with excellent performance has become a research and development hotspot.

By comparison with the molecular structures of the two epoxy resins, the similarities of the two molecules are found: 1 skeleton; 2 bonding rings and hydroxyl f; 3 ether bonds with corrosion resistance 34 Dongguan University of Technology Journal 2003 Year ~; 4 from the heat and rigidity of the double discretionary A basis.

The difference between the two types of molecules is that the rigid group of the epoxy resin molecular skeleton with flame retardant properties contains 4 bromine atoms in n. While the general epoxy resin molecule does not.

Through the above comparative analysis, it can be seen that the structure of the epoxy resin directly affects the properties of the cured product, that is, there is an opposite relationship between the structure and properties of the epoxy resin. To impart flame retardancy, flame retardant elements must be introduced into the curing system of the epoxy resin. The introduction of the flame retardant element can be introduced into the molecular framework or added. This is the main reason for the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin material. aspect. Therefore, in the process of research and development of high-performance epoxy resin materials, we must firmly grasp this major contradiction, and we can grasp the general direction of research, so as to achieve the desired goal.

According to previous research, it is found that B, A1 of the third main group in the periodic table, N, P, Sb of the fifth main group, and Cl, Br of the seventh main group are all of various polymer materials. There is a certain degree of flame retardancy. Therefore, if a new type of epoxy resin material is expected to have excellent flame retardant properties, then the molecular structure itself should have a flame retardant element; or a curing agent, auxiliary agent that is compatible with the epoxy resin material can make the cured product have Good flame retardancy, both must be one.

4 Innovative Performance Analysis of Epoxy Resin Materials Innovative Syndrome Analysis The development of high-performance epoxy resin materials is a natural science research based on experiments. This scientific experiment is a prerequisite for our knowledge, understanding, discovery, and application of knowledge about epoxy materials. The dialectical materialist epistemology holds that cognition is the active reflection of the human brain on objective things. This kind of action can be expressed in two ways. Scientific research is to explore the unknown truth in terms of its essence or main content. For scientific research, the key to achieving the two 'leapfrogging' in understanding lies in the correct use of natural science methodology as the link between philosophy and the natural sciences. In this way, the ability to embody both the guiding role of dialectical materialist epistemology and Scientific research is the use of its own natural science knowledge and skills to discover and explore the specificities of the unknown areas. Specifically, research studies always begin with the understanding of specific substances and phenomena, from perceptual to rational, from known to Unknown, and then through practice, to use his own scientific knowledge and to exert his own experimental skills experience) and ultimately solve the problem, to achieve the desired goal. Here's based on the use of comparison, classification, analysis, synthesis and other logical thinking methods; Hypothesis, and so on.

4.1 Highly dialectical unity of scientific theory, experimental research, and industrial production Since the latter half of the 20th century, productivity has developed rapidly. This development, in turn, has provided powerful material technology assurance for the further development of polymer materials science. m. The synthetic polymer materials of the last century have reached a brand new stage. The new synthetic materials have accelerated growth over time, demonstrating the human ability to transform nature. With the penetration of polymer materials science and other disciplines, it indicates that new high-performance polymer materials will continue to emerge in the 21st century. In the era of rapid changes in high technology, new scientific theories, research methods, and experimental techniques have begun to emerge, with some new significant features, mainly in the following points: (1) the acceleration of the speed of development. The entire human social productivity, that is, the development of science, is in an accelerated state, and its increasing base has led to the continuous expansion of its achievements. The development of high-performance epoxy resin materials is no exception.

(2) Longitudinal differentiation and horizontal integration. Polymer materials science is a new discipline, its development history is only a short period of more than 70 years. Although a complete discipline system has been established, the rapid development of modern polymer materials science has caused the original branch disciplines to continuously differentiate into more Sub-disciplines, and the internal differentiation of these disciplines, also thanks to the refinement of external research on polymer materials; this is the marriage of polymer materials science with modern machinery, optics, acoustics and electronics. "the result of.

(3) From the macro level to the micro level). This is the most remarkable feature of polymer materials research in recent years. It is based on modern experiments and the three major discoveries of electronics, X-rays, and uranium rays. Other features are related to each other and penetrate and promote each other. The unity. The opening of micro gates is a new starting point for polymers and a leap in the level of human understanding.

(4) From static to dynamic development. In the past, studies on the properties of polymer materials have generally focused on static phenomena. In recent years, they have begun to pay attention to the dynamic process and studied the various properties of the dynamic changes of polymer materials. This is determined by the laws of human understanding. The cognition always goes through a process from outside to inside, from appearance to essence. Grasping the essential characteristics of the dynamic process of polymer materials is more conducive to grasping the external laws of polymer material changes. Polymer science has achieved a high degree of dialectical unity of scientific theory, experimental research, and industrial production. It is undergoing a leap-forward development from the 'realm of necessity' to 'the realm of freedom.'

In the process of high-performance epoxy resin research, it also reflects the dialectical unity of the above four.

4.2 Dialectical and Unified Structure, Performance and Curing System of Epoxy Resins The morphological structure and physical properties are two basic properties of polymer materials, and the connections between them are complex and diverse and mutually restrictive. On the one hand, structure determines performance. The morphological structure of polymer materials is intricate, with different structures and different performances, such as the elasticity, tension, and properties of crystalline structures are not as good as those of amorphous structures, while the effects of microstructures on performance are statistically comprehensive. In-depth quantitative investigation is the focus of current research. On the other hand, performance is relatively independent, performance reflects the structure, and it reacts to the structure. The counteraction of performance indicates that the performance and structure are both compatible and contradictory. The relatively conservative structure dominates the control performance, and the variation of relatively active performance under the influence of the environment in turn affects the structure, causes structural changes, and even breaks through the shackles of the original structure.The opposite is the gradual failure of polymer materials. The reason for this is the basis for continuously optimizing the material structure and performance.

For epoxy materials, under certain conditions, the mutual transformation of the structure and properties can be achieved by changing the curing conditions of the epoxy resin. According to the morphological structure of the material, reasonable curing conditions can be selected to obtain the desired specific properties; at the same time, depending on the known properties of the material, the appropriate curing conditions can cause changes in the material structure.

In the application, starting from the basic principles of structure-determining performance, performance-reflecting structure, and structure-influencing, the performance of the foreseen object can be estimated based on the internal structure of the known object, and the foreseeable object can also be inferred based on the performance of the known object. The structure, in combination with the needs of the material, the use of curing conditions, or change the structure, or change the performance, to achieve people's full use and transformation of nature.

In the process of high-performance epoxy resin material research, the above principles have been applied to design new molecular structures, and non-halogen flame retardant elements have been introduced into epoxy resin molecules to achieve the desired performance. In the process of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province completed in recent years, the author used the principle of dialectical relations between the structure, properties, and molding conditions of polymer materials to design a new type of epoxy resin with good heat resistance, electrical insulation, and mechanical mechanical properties. Malaspritic acid triglycidyl ester has achieved the expected results of research and obtained the national invention patent 7. 4.3 Thinking about creative logical thinking of the discipline In the research process, summarizing and drawing lessons from previous successful experience can often be received. Do more with less. Therefore, it was extremely important for the Journal of Dongguan University of Technology to carry out extensive searches in the course of determining the direction of research, formulating research programs, and implementing research programs in 2003. If we can conduct in-depth analysis of relevant issues, we can temporarily separate all aspects of a component and its influencing factors; study the laws of the effects of each factor in detail, and then link and integrate them organically. Lateral analogy, deduction, so as to obtain the interaction mechanism between various factors and its internal causes, and to find theoretical defects or deficiencies. This kind of inherited learning and logic analysis process may be able to actively stimulate their own curiosity and aggressiveness, and then to criticize existing knowledge and experience, without traditional scientific concepts and principles in the history of science and technology, only to dare to break through the old Those who are traditionally bound to dare to use scientific “forbidden zones” can make pioneering achievements. Exploration stems from 'suspect', questioning is the starting point of exploration, and continuous questions and doubts are the process of innovation. A new doctrine replaces the old erroneous doctrine, often resulting in 'doubt'. Li Siguang does not doubt the 'China's lean oil theory'. How can he find a big oil field for the motherland? Tong Zizhou does not conduct Morgan's 'genetic theory'. With new exploration, it is impossible to make a major breakthrough in developmental biology.Scientific skepticism sometimes involves risks. Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo and other scientists dare to risk being stigmatized by ignorance and prejudice. For science, they are not afraid of imprisonment. Even giving up his own life, Newton, Darwin, Madame Curie, Li Shizhen, Zhan Tianyou, Li Siguang and other flashy names in the history of science and technology are all dare to break through the secular, unique ways, 'wishful thinking' and dare to think of others.

The essence of science lies in innovation. To innovate, we must be creative. Creative thinking is manifested as: being good at getting rid of the shackles of logical thinking, relying on intuition insights to research direction and selecting topics; being good at breaking the mindset, inducing inspirations to capture opportunities; good at abandoning existing cognitive models, using imagination to promote innovation, being good at converting ideas, and Divergent thinking, especially reverse thinking; being good at associating and analogy with things, enlightening them from thoughts; being good at finding common ground among very different things, seeking differences between very similar things; being good at the diversity of things Seeking a high level of harmony and unity; good at using a variety of methods to deal with problems, and so on.

Creative thinking is the thinking feature of modern scientific research topics. 1. This kind of thinking and ability, Beveridge called 'material appreciation', and some scientists call it 'strategic intuition', with the discovery of the double helix structure. In Sen's words, 'this is an irrational way.' Einstein also said that asking new questions and looking at old problems from a new perspective requires imagination to be created. In the history of science, we cannot see What is to be accomplished is a great discovery and it is just being completed. It is simply unthinkable that the number of explorers in this situation is large." From this it can be seen that the great reason why a great scientific innovator is great is that he understands what is worthy of research; when science is brewing major breakthroughs, he has a unique eye and can select a breakthrough point in time; In the beginning, he can quickly identify and capture.

5 Conclusion Innovation is the soul of science. The essence of science lies in constant discovery and continuous innovation. From knot rope notes to contemporary computers, from logs to nuclear power plants, from domesticated animals to cloning techniques, from the intuitive understanding of macroscopic low-velocity matter movement to the statistical description of quantum mechanics to microscopic object waves, science continues to innovate. Go forward. A history of science is the history of discovering new phenomena, revealing new laws, establishing new theories, and creating new methods. As Lu Xiaoxiang puts it: “There are endless frontiers, there is no end to the truth, and the spirit of innovation It is the righteousness of the scientific spirit." Human understanding of the natural world is an infinite process of development. Since scientific research is an exploration of unknown areas, it is difficult to achieve new breakthroughs in scientific understanding if there is no visual thinking to break through external constraints or internal trends and put forward various assumptions, conjectures, assumptions, and plans. Through conscious and conscious continuous thinking to inspire and induce unconscious and subconscious undercurrents, logical thinking is used to capture non-logical thought sparks. Therefore, in the research work, we must pay attention to the inspiration and be keenly aware of its uniqueness, grasp it tightly, and study it in depth until the mystery is revealed.