Soil conditioner refers to a material that is added to the soil to improve the physical and/or chemical properties of the soil and/or its biological activity. Broadly speaking, substances that have improved and regulated soil properties can be referred to as soil conditioners.
The main functions of soil conditioners are: (1) Improve soil quality, and rejuvenate soils that are acidified, salinized, compacted, and fertilized. (2) Improve the soil continuous cropping obstacles and provide a suitable soil environment for growth, which is conducive to the benign circulation of soil. (3) Improve crop yield, improve quality, reduce flowering and fruit drop, increase seed setting rate, early harvest and extend picking period, and increase fruit nutrition level. (4) Prevent pests, pests and plants from harming plants, and enhance disease resistance, antibacterial and anti-reverse ability. (5) Decompose soil, plant fertilizers, pesticide residues, and passivate heavy metals to environmental pollution. (6) Improve soil water retention to improve soil adsorption performance.
Soil conditioner products can be classified into powder, water and granules according to the dosage form. According to the processing process, it can be divided into synthetic soil conditioner: high molecular polymer polyacrylamide, no deep tillage soil conditioner, biological preparation, etc.; natural soil conditioner: bentonite, natural gypsum, oyster shell, montmorillonite powder, etc.; By-products or wastes produced during the production process: phosphogypsum, alkali slag, desulfurization waste, mushroom residue, etc.
According to the material properties, soil conditioners can be divided into: (1) synthetic soil conditioners: synthetic products added to the soil to improve their physical properties; (2) inorganic soil conditioners: no organic matter or nitrogen, phosphorus, a conditioning agent for potassium or trace elements; (3) an inorganic soil conditioner for adding fertilizer: a fertilizer-containing inorganic soil conditioner with a soil conditioner effect; (4) an organic soil conditioner: a plant or animal and plant based product Used to improve the physical properties and biological activity of the soil. Since the total amount of major nutrients contained in organic soil conditioners is usually less than 2% of the final product, it cannot be classified as fertilizer; (5) Organic-inorganic soil conditioners: products whose available substances and elements are derived from organic and inorganic substances. It is made by mixing and/or compounding an organic soil conditioner with a soil conditioner containing calcium, magnesium and/or sulfur.
According to different functions, soil conditioners can be further divided into: agglomerated dispersed soil particles, soil cementing agents for improving soil structure; soil stabilizers for fixing topsoil and preventing soil erosion; soil acid regulating agents for regulating soil pH; and increasing soil temperature Soil warming agent; soil water retaining agent capable of maintaining soil moisture, water-retaining soil conditioning agent is further divided into liquid water retaining agent and solid water retaining agent, wherein solid water retaining agent includes starch system, blend and composite system, protein and synthesis Resin type, cellulose type, etc.
The application of soil conditioners is one of the main measures to repair degraded soils. In 2010, after applying acidic soil amendments on dry sloping land, the increase of peanut yield on dry slope land increased by 9.5% to 19.6%, and the content of crude fat and crude protein in peanut kernel increased by 2.6%-5.2% and 0.3%-2.8%, respectively. Experiments in soil potting showed that the acidic soil conditioner increased the fresh weight, fresh weight and yield of pepper by 244%, 45% and 189%, respectively, and the Vc and soluble sugar content of pepper increased respectively. 78% and 177%. In 2011, the results of applying 8 soil conditioners in saline-alkali land in Ningxia showed that the yield increase of rice reached 2.05%-8.26%.
The combination of soil conditioner and nitrogen and phosphorus has a positive effect on the growth and development traits of peanuts. After applying soil conditioner, the number of peanuts can be reduced, the quality of peanuts and nuts can be increased, and the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of soil layer can be effectively improved. Content and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, some experts have shown that the application of water-retaining agent to seed coating treatment can significantly improve soil water supply, promote seed germination and emergence, and increase the yield of summer peanuts by 5.35%- 28.75%.
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