With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the contradiction between people and food has become increasingly prominent. To solve this problem, science and technology circles and industries all over the world are looking for and researching new feed resources. Among them, fermented feed has also received attention.
According to the future forecast report of the bio-fermented feed industry, although fermented feed is the development direction of the future feed industry, it is not something that some small and medium-sized enterprises can do. SMEs can only use fermented feed materials that have been fermented and dried after sterilization. . The role of microbial fermented feed is mainly reflected in two aspects. One is to produce high-quality feed protein raw materials by using cheap agricultural and light industrial by-products, and the other is to obtain highly active beneficial microorganisms. The application of these microbial products can improve the conversion rate of feed and promote the growth of livestock and poultry; on the other hand, it can regulate the micro-ecological balance of animals and improve the health of animals. There are also live agents that can be used to treat animal diseases. The promotion and application of microbial fermented feed in aquaculture can reduce the use of antibiotics, facilitate the production of safe foods, and improve the competitiveness of export.
1 Regulate the animal's micro-ecological balance
There are various microbial communities in the intestines of healthy animals. The various microbial communities are interdependent and mutually constrained to form the balance of the micro-ecological system in the intestines of livestock and poultry, and establish a normal and well-balanced intestinal microflora. It is of great significance to resist pathogenic microbial infections. Due to the interaction between microorganisms, the existing microorganisms in an ecosystem prevent the invasion of new organisms in this part, and the beneficial bacteria prevent the adhesion and reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal mucosa through competitive inhibition. Therefore, it is very important to take microbial feed for animals with slow or dysfunctional flora. For adult animals, since many microorganisms can only survive in the intestine for a certain period of time, it is necessary to continuously take live bacterial preparations in order to maintain the colonization of a certain microorganism in the intestine.
2 chemical barrier function
The organic acids (lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid) produced by beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria reduce the pH value in the digestive tract and inhibit the growth of other pathogenic microorganisms. When the pH value is 4, E. coli and Salmonella cannot proliferate, and the intestinal bacteria are maintained. The group balances the growth-promoting effect, while the acidic environment in the digestive tract promotes the absorption and utilization of the mineral elements calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin D.
3 Produce beneficial metabolites, inhibit and kill harmful bacteria
Beneficial microorganisms produce peptide bacteriocins, enzymes and small amounts of inorganic substances, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria or prevent the adhesion and invasion of harmful bacterial toxins in epithelial cells. Lactobacillus produced by lactic acid bacteria and streptococci inhibits the growth of Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus can produce a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative pathogens. Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria produce extracellular glycosidases that prevent the invasion of bacterial toxins.
4 has a nutritional role in promoting animal growth
The beneficial bacteria in the microbial fermented feed itself is a high-protein substance, and metabolism in the intestinal tract of the animal can produce a variety of beneficial factors that contribute to the nutrient digestion of the animal, thereby promoting the growth and weight gain of the aquatic animal. For example, Bacillus It can secrete a variety of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase, etc.) to promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients; yeast can produce amino acids, multivitamins (K, C, B1, B2, pantothenic acid, niacin, biotin, Inositol and folic acid, etc. are used by animals, and yeast can also promote the production of phytase and increase the utilization of phosphorus.
5 Prevention of the production of harmful substances
Microbial fermented feed promotes the digestion and absorption of the camp's substances and reduces the production of ammonia and other spoilage substances. Studies have shown that feeding microbial fermented feed can reduce the content of ammonia in contents, feces, portal veins, and the content of sucrose, sputum, 3-methyl hydrazine and other spoilage substances in the intestines, reduce the odor of feces, and purify the environment.
6 Improve the body's immune function
The beneficial microorganisms in the fermented feed can act as a non-specific immune regulator, stimulate and activate the host immune cells through the bacteria themselves or cell wall components, promote phagocytic activity or act as an adjuvant. Beneficial microorganisms can also exert specific immune functions and enhance the ability of B cells to produce antibodies in animals. Direct-feeding microorganisms promote humoral and cellular immunity in the body, improve the antibody level of livestock and poultry, enhance immune function, and promptly kill pathogenic bacteria invading the body, thereby preventing the occurrence of diseases. The experiment found that Lactobacillus can enhance the body's immunity, and some probiotics can affect the body's immune system's ability to respond, and its ability to change varies with the bacteria.
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