Performance requirements for cables <br> <br> first consider personal safety, equipment, resources, and environment.
For example, if a hospital wants to conduct a tender for wiring, individuals are advised to use LSZH-type cables, especially in the ward area. The reason is that many patients may be inconvenient to walk and they need medical personnel to help escape. Therefore, we do not want only some people to be able to escape smoothly. Others suffer more injuries from inhaling toxic fumes.
For units that attach importance to safety exits, under the premise of providing convenient escape, more humanized designs are needed to provide more safety time for escape.
Everyone knows the fire protection requirements in the white paper of the data center, and almost no mention of the LSZH cable. Because there are few ordinary people in the data center, and there are strict requirements on the number and size of fire doors in the room requirements. It is convenient for people to escape, and products that can provide higher fire-resisting temperatures are needed in emergency situations. Therefore, CMR and CMP grade cables are commonly used in data center equipment rooms.
The above two examples illustrate that both standards are applicable in China. Determine the type of cable to use based on the user, equipment resources, and usage environment.
The level of fire in the copper cable may be familiar to everyone - CM, CMR, CMP, LSZH. In fact, there is also a fire rating called CMG, because of the lower fireproof rating, which will not be used in general engineering.
The level of fire protection seen in optical fibres is generally visible in these types of OFNR, OFNP, LSZH, which are often seen, as well as ordinary PVC skins (SIMNET fire rating is divided into two types of PVC and LSZH).
The fire rating is defined by UL. UL is a product safety testing and certification agency. In the United States, it is the founder of safety standards. Whether it is fiber optics or copper cables, there is a uniform standard. Often OFNR and CMR may be It is more understandable as two different fire prevention standards.
UL fire rating is divided into the following categories: (American Standard)
1. Enhanced CMP (copper wire), OFNP, or OFCP (optical fiber) is the highest grade cable. When a fan is used to forcibly blow the flame to a flame on a bundle of booster grade cables, the flame spreads on the cable within 5M. Extinguishes itself (flame spreads up to 1.5 meters). This cable contains chemicals that release a small amount of toxic gas or vapor at extremely high temperatures. This type of cable is preferred in the United States. Such cables are generally installed in ventilation ducts or air return pressurization systems. (Steiner duct experiment)
2. Mainline grade CMR (copper cable), OFNR or OFCR (optical fiber) is the second-ranked cable. When bundled trunk level cables are forced to blow by the fan, the flame will self-extinguish within 5M ( The maximum flame spread is 3.6 meters. This fire rated cable has no smoke or toxicity requirements (experimentally simulates a vertical shaft environment) and is usually used on trunk cables with such fire rating.
3. Commercial-grade CM (copper wire), OFN or OFC (optical fiber) is a relatively low-level cable. Bundles of cables will self-extinguish within 5M when burned (flame spreads up to 2.4 meters), but there is no The limitations of fan blowing and any smoke and toxicity requirements, commercial grade cables are generally used for horizontal cables, horizontal cables are generally placed in trunks or pipes, so overall the fire rating in the case of casing It will be significantly improved, and customers will not worry about using commercial-grade cables for horizontal cables.
4. The performance of general-purpose CMG (copper), OFNG, or OFCG (optical fiber) cables is similar to that of commercial applications. I did not find any common-grade cable requirements (not commonly used) in the reference.
5, home-grade CMX (copper) here only the level of the copper cable, no fiber classification, UL is the lowest level, a home-level cable flame spread after 5M self extinguishment, there is no mandatory haircut restrictions and any smoke and toxicity The specification requires that home-grade cables are generally used in individual families where each line fence is laid separately. They should not be laid in bundles. There is a big difference between the flame propagation mode of a bundle of cables and a cable.
Generally speaking, the ignition point of CMP or OFNP/OFCP products is as high as 800 degrees, the ignition point of CMR or OFNR/OFCR products can reach 300 degrees, and the ignition point of CM products is 80 to 100 degrees. We all know that more halogens are added in products with higher fire-retardance levels, but what is the main raw material for CMP products? It may not be clear to everyone that polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, that is, Teflon PTFE, are made up of four. Vinyl fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
The material of the CMP cable is a flame retardant material with an oxygen index of more than 95. So it is not easy to burn. Other products are mostly composed of PVC materials.
IEC fire rating is divided into two types: (European standard)
IEC332-3C, IEC1034 and IEC754 High Flame Retardant Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) Cables High level of safety. Bundles of cables must pass the fan forced air combustion test (IEC332-3C) and emit little smoke (IEC1034) and must not release halide gas (IEC754). The performance requirements for this class of cable are similar to UL booster-rated cables.
IEC332-1, IEC1034, and IEC754 low flame retardant low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) cables have lower safety levels. The single cable must pass the combustion test (IEC332-3C) and emit little smoke (IEC1034) and must not release halide gas (IEC754). The performance requirements of this grade of cable are similar to those of the CM grade cable, but the LSZH requirement is increased.
European fire-retardant cable LSZH or LSOH are low-smoke and halogen-free products. It is mainly composed of polyolefin, does not contain halogen elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and has a relatively high burning material (with CM phase In contrast, adding metal hydrates to the cable inhibits his flammability, and starts burning after hydration depletes the water, causing it to burn slowly.
According to the brief introduction of the above criteria, it can be seen that the biggest difference between the European and American standards is that, conceptually, one is not flammable but releases toxic gases. One is low on fire and does not release toxic fumes. Although the standards and concerns of the two regions are different, the two standards are not exclusive in China. It is very important to use different types of fire protection cables according to different use environments. Adapting to local conditions and putting people first is the fundamental idea.
For example, if a hospital wants to conduct a tender for wiring, individuals are advised to use LSZH-type cables, especially in the ward area. The reason is that many patients may be inconvenient to walk and they need medical personnel to help escape. Therefore, we do not want only some people to be able to escape smoothly. Others suffer more injuries from inhaling toxic fumes.
For units that attach importance to safety exits, under the premise of providing convenient escape, more humanized designs are needed to provide more safety time for escape.
Everyone knows the fire protection requirements in the white paper of the data center, and almost no mention of the LSZH cable. Because there are few ordinary people in the data center, and there are strict requirements on the number and size of fire doors in the room requirements. It is convenient for people to escape, and products that can provide higher fire-resisting temperatures are needed in emergency situations. Therefore, CMR and CMP grade cables are commonly used in data center equipment rooms.
The above two examples illustrate that both standards are applicable in China. Determine the type of cable to use based on the user, equipment resources, and usage environment.
The level of fire in the copper cable may be familiar to everyone - CM, CMR, CMP, LSZH. In fact, there is also a fire rating called CMG, because of the lower fireproof rating, which will not be used in general engineering.
The level of fire protection seen in optical fibres is generally visible in these types of OFNR, OFNP, LSZH, which are often seen, as well as ordinary PVC skins (SIMNET fire rating is divided into two types of PVC and LSZH).
The fire rating is defined by UL. UL is a product safety testing and certification agency. In the United States, it is the founder of safety standards. Whether it is fiber optics or copper cables, there is a uniform standard. Often OFNR and CMR may be It is more understandable as two different fire prevention standards.
UL fire rating is divided into the following categories: (American Standard)
1. Enhanced CMP (copper wire), OFNP, or OFCP (optical fiber) is the highest grade cable. When a fan is used to forcibly blow the flame to a flame on a bundle of booster grade cables, the flame spreads on the cable within 5M. Extinguishes itself (flame spreads up to 1.5 meters). This cable contains chemicals that release a small amount of toxic gas or vapor at extremely high temperatures. This type of cable is preferred in the United States. Such cables are generally installed in ventilation ducts or air return pressurization systems. (Steiner duct experiment)
2. Mainline grade CMR (copper cable), OFNR or OFCR (optical fiber) is the second-ranked cable. When bundled trunk level cables are forced to blow by the fan, the flame will self-extinguish within 5M ( The maximum flame spread is 3.6 meters. This fire rated cable has no smoke or toxicity requirements (experimentally simulates a vertical shaft environment) and is usually used on trunk cables with such fire rating.
3. Commercial-grade CM (copper wire), OFN or OFC (optical fiber) is a relatively low-level cable. Bundles of cables will self-extinguish within 5M when burned (flame spreads up to 2.4 meters), but there is no The limitations of fan blowing and any smoke and toxicity requirements, commercial grade cables are generally used for horizontal cables, horizontal cables are generally placed in trunks or pipes, so overall the fire rating in the case of casing It will be significantly improved, and customers will not worry about using commercial-grade cables for horizontal cables.
4. The performance of general-purpose CMG (copper), OFNG, or OFCG (optical fiber) cables is similar to that of commercial applications. I did not find any common-grade cable requirements (not commonly used) in the reference.
5, home-grade CMX (copper) here only the level of the copper cable, no fiber classification, UL is the lowest level, a home-level cable flame spread after 5M self extinguishment, there is no mandatory haircut restrictions and any smoke and toxicity The specification requires that home-grade cables are generally used in individual families where each line fence is laid separately. They should not be laid in bundles. There is a big difference between the flame propagation mode of a bundle of cables and a cable.
Generally speaking, the ignition point of CMP or OFNP/OFCP products is as high as 800 degrees, the ignition point of CMR or OFNR/OFCR products can reach 300 degrees, and the ignition point of CM products is 80 to 100 degrees. We all know that more halogens are added in products with higher fire-retardance levels, but what is the main raw material for CMP products? It may not be clear to everyone that polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, that is, Teflon PTFE, are made up of four. Vinyl fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
The material of the CMP cable is a flame retardant material with an oxygen index of more than 95. So it is not easy to burn. Other products are mostly composed of PVC materials.
IEC fire rating is divided into two types: (European standard)
IEC332-3C, IEC1034 and IEC754 High Flame Retardant Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) Cables High level of safety. Bundles of cables must pass the fan forced air combustion test (IEC332-3C) and emit little smoke (IEC1034) and must not release halide gas (IEC754). The performance requirements for this class of cable are similar to UL booster-rated cables.
IEC332-1, IEC1034, and IEC754 low flame retardant low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) cables have lower safety levels. The single cable must pass the combustion test (IEC332-3C) and emit little smoke (IEC1034) and must not release halide gas (IEC754). The performance requirements of this grade of cable are similar to those of the CM grade cable, but the LSZH requirement is increased.
European fire-retardant cable LSZH or LSOH are low-smoke and halogen-free products. It is mainly composed of polyolefin, does not contain halogen elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and has a relatively high burning material (with CM phase In contrast, adding metal hydrates to the cable inhibits his flammability, and starts burning after hydration depletes the water, causing it to burn slowly.
According to the brief introduction of the above criteria, it can be seen that the biggest difference between the European and American standards is that, conceptually, one is not flammable but releases toxic gases. One is low on fire and does not release toxic fumes. Although the standards and concerns of the two regions are different, the two standards are not exclusive in China. It is very important to use different types of fire protection cables according to different use environments. Adapting to local conditions and putting people first is the fundamental idea.
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