What is sulfonated coal? What are the main properties?
After anthracite (or bituminous coal) is pulverized, sieved, and treated with fuming sulfuric acid (or concentrated sulfuric acid) (this process is referred to as "sulfonation"), excess acid is removed to obtain sulfonated coal.
Sulfonated coal has the following main properties:
(1) Appearance Sulfonated coal is black, irregular particles, and the diameter is generally about 0.3-1.6 mm.
(2) The wet density of the wet density sulfonated coal is generally between 0.55 and 0.55 g/mL.
(3) Exchange capacity The total exchange capacity of sulfonated coal is about 500 mol/m3, and the working exchange capacity is between 200 and 360 mol/m3.
(4) Stability The stability of sulfonated coal is poor, the maximum temperature of heat resistance does not exceed 40 ° C, and the annual annual loss rate is 10% to 15%.
What should be paid attention to when using sulfonated coal?
The following points should be noted when using sulfonated coal:
1 Sulfonated coal should be sieved before use to remove the minced. The sieves used were 55 mesh and 12 mesh in order, and the particle size after sieving was 0.3 to 1.6 mm.
2 Sulfonic coal is best used for hydraulic loading. For the convenience of backwashing, it can be considered to be carried out twice: firstly, it is loaded to O.9m high, and the second time is reloaded to a predetermined height. After each loading, apply water backwash until the drain is clear.
3 The backwashing flow rate of the sulfonated coal is 10-15 m/h, and the time is 30-45 min.
4 sulfonated coal regeneration can use the following data: salt water concentration of 4% ~ 6%, salt consumption of 200g / mol, regeneration flow rate of 3 ~ 4m / h is appropriate.
The flow rate of the positive washing is 10-15 m/h, and the end point of the washing is that the hardness of the effluent is less than 0.2 mmol/L.
Why is sulphonated coal “discolored� What should I do?
The “decolorization†of sulfonated coal is a phenomenon in which the sulfonated coal polymer skeleton produces “peptizationâ€. At this time, the water in the exchange bed was yellowish brown.
There are two reasons why sulphonated coal produces “decolorizationâ€:
Part of the low molecular organic matter in the sulphonated coal is dissolved and taken out by the water. This "decolorization" phenomenon is relatively mild and occurs mostly in the early stages of use. It is usually removed after a few minutes of washing.
2 The inlet water temperature (or pH value) is higher. The higher water temperature or pH value will destroy the polymer skeleton of the sulfonated coal, causing "degradation", which will cause the water in the exchange bed to be seriously colored.
In the initial stage of the investment operation, the alternate exchange bed has a slight coloration of the effluent. At this time, the washing time can be slightly extended, and the water is put into operation after the water color is normal.
If the effluent of the exchange bed is "decolorized" seriously, the lengthening of the washing time will not reduce the "decolorization". At this point, the exchange bed should be stopped, and the cause should be ascertained as soon as possible.
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