Summary If you look at the following two news, you would think December 11, 2015 is the history of computing will be a day to remember forever: US time on December 9, several US media reports, NASA and Google The company earlier this week (December 8th...
On December 9, US time, a number of US media reported that NASA and Google announced earlier this week (December 8th) that they created the first computer that actually uses quantum mechanism computing. The computer code D-WAVE 2X can run at a speed of 100 million times that of a normal computer. On the 10th, the Russian satellite news network published a news report that a research team at the University of Science and Technology of China used a piece of diamond to make the world's first quantum computer, which can take years or even ten years to crack an ordinary computer in less than a second. Password. Quantum computers and technologies such as room temperature nuclear fusion and superconductivity are regarded as the future technologies that will open the door to the fourth industrial revolution. Now, China and the United States have announced in a week that they have broken through this supercomputer that can bring information technology to a new era. If this is true, then it is worthy of blowing the horn of the "quantum computer competition", which is as important as the "Oriental" spacecraft that ignited the space race. However, these two news seem to have obvious exaggeration. If human beings really want to enter the era of quantum computing, I am afraid it will take a long time. 
D-wave computer in NASA and Google's joint lab
On December 9, PCWorld magazine published a news report that Google and NASA's D-Wave 2X quantum computer in Silicon Valley is the world's first quantum computer to work stably. The report said that the computer was purchased from D-wave in Canada. The company announced in 2007 that it had developed a quantum computer and won the CIA and private investment in 2012. In 2013, Google co-founded a lab with NASA to plan to use this computer to study artificial intelligence (that is, Google and NASA did not really participate in the "manufacturing" of quantum computers. The actual development of this computer. Is D-wave company). In August of this year, D-Wave released the 2X system, using the 1152 qubit architecture (compared to its second-generation system with 640 qubits). Google is claiming a breakthrough in this system.
Interestingly, two years ago, D-Wave claimed that its D-Wave quantum computer could be up to 100,000 times faster than modern computers. Today, this number has become 100 million times. If this is true, it will be a shocking fact.
However, D-WAVE's "quantum computer" is actually a computer that uses "quantum annealing technology". It is not a quantum computer that people really talk about, but it is more efficient when solving some special problems. It is precisely because of its flaws in principle that the criticism of D-Wave in academia and industry has never been interrupted.
On January 13, 2014, a research group led by Professor Martinis and Lidar of the University of California, including researchers at Google, where Professor Lidar was the director of the above-mentioned laboratory, officially announced: D- in 503 qubits. Experimental data on a Wave Two-type quantum computer shows that there is no evidence of quantum acceleration.
Scott Aaronson, a MIT computer scientist and quantum computing expert, thinks D-Wave is a master of hype, and thinks that D-Wave will not change even if it introduces a so-called 1000-bit quantum computer, because in principle there will be no quantum acceleration. Advantage.
The core of the D-Wave computer, the "quantum" chip, must operate in an environment that is highly isolated from external temperatures.
On the other hand, regarding the news that the Russian media called China to make quantum computers, the news published in the Chinese version of the Russian satellite network is like this: According to a report by the Russian satellite network on December 11, a team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China, led by Professor Du, has established a new system that can exit the architecture in a corresponding way.
This system enables a much larger amount of calculations than a normal binary computer. Typically, such systems require special equipment laboratories with climate testing, and this new model can be safely stored in ordinary houses. Its quantum calculations work under normal room temperature conditions with the aid of a small amount of nitrogen in the diamond.
According to the report, the main purpose of this work is to enable quantum computers to be used for commercial purposes. They can handle huge amounts of information and solve complex problems faster than traditional computers.
If China's research is successful, diamonds may replace silicon as a symbol of computer science.
Just two or three years ago, quantum computers were considered to be the distant dreams of most scholars. Due to a large number of technical problems, many people think that it takes ten years to build a computer before it can be put into use. (Russian satellite network original reference) "Journal of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology" published on December 8, 2015: "China Science and Technology University solid state spin quantum manipulation research progress":
The Du Jiangfeng research group of the University of Science and Technology of China realized the universal quantum logic gate reaching the fault-tolerant threshold in the solid-state spin system. This result represents the highest level of quantum manipulation precision of the solid-state spin system. The research results were published on November 25 On the day of Nature Communications.
As a new type of information processing, quantum computing makes use of quantum superposition to enable a large number of computing tasks to be performed simultaneously, so it can effectively deal with many difficult problems in classical computing science. However, in order to practicalize quantum computing, it is necessary to overcome many unfavorable factors such as decoherence effect. Therefore, scientists have proposed a quantum error correction scheme, but the quantum error correction scheme has extremely stringent requirements for the accuracy of each step of quantum computing. How to realize high-precision quantum logic gates on quantum systems with severe noise interference has become one of the keys to quantum computing. In February 2014, the Physical Review Letter reported that Du Jiangfeng Group effectively combined dynamic decoupling technology and logic gate operation to achieve single-bit quantum logic gate operation with an accuracy of 0.996. In April of the same year, Nature reported that the Martinis team at the University of California, Santa Barbara, implemented 0.9992 single-bit quantum logic gate operations on superconducting qubits.
In order to further improve the precision of the quantum logic gate, it is necessary to suppress various noise effects more effectively, thereby controlling the probability of the error of the quantum logic gate to a very low level. Du Jiangfeng's research group proposed a new combined pulse method. By carefully designing the parameters of the combined pulse, the method not only has the advantage of the dynamic decoupling technique to suppress the decoherence effect, but also can greatly eliminate the noise effect of the control field. Based on the diamond color center system, they investigate the effect of a new combined pulse on a single-bit quantum logic gate. The experimental results show that the quantum logic gate accuracy reaches 0.999952. In addition, they further developed quantum optimal control methods to achieve high-precision two-bit quantum logic gates (controlled non-gates). Experimental results show that the accuracy of two qubit-controlled NAND gates reaches 0.992.
The above research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education. (The original journal of the Chinese Journal of Science is quoted)
In other words, the actual content of this news is that the University of Science and Technology of China has proposed a quantum computer principle that may be feasible. But there is still a long way to go before the computer that really uses this principle. The relevant reports of the Russian media may be a misunderstanding of Chinese news reports. However, according to relevant experts, China has made remarkable progress in the field of quantum computer theory in the past two years, and may be gradually approaching the ultimate goal of manufacturing quantum computers. However, like normal temperature nuclear fusion, a truly practical quantum computer is still a long-term research project that can make a real technological breakthrough in the next 10-20 years - just use this concept to attract attention, even Attracting investment seems to be a viable way to make money in some western commercial companies.
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