Stable lithium-sulfur battery sulfur cathode has reliable technology
Expect to triple the battery life of electric vehicles in a low-cost way
Scientists at the University of Waterloo in Canada have announced a major breakthrough in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technology. With an ultra-thin nanomaterial, they developed a more durable sulfur cathode. This technology is expected to produce electric vehicle batteries that are lighter in weight, better in performance, and less expensive. Related papers were published in the recently published journal Nature Communications.
According to a report by the physicist organization network on January 13, the new material discovered by Linda Nazar, a professor of chemistry at the University of Waterloo, and her research team, can maintain the stability of the sulfur cathode and overcome the current manufacturing of lithium-sulfur batteries. The main obstacles facing. In theory, the same weight of lithium-sulfur battery can not only provide three times the life of ordinary lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, but also cheaper than lithium-ion batteries. Professor Nazar is also the director of the Canadian Solid State Energy Materials Research Center. She said that this is a major advancement, making high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries close at hand.
Nazar's team's research on lithium-sulfur battery technology was first known in 2009. At the time, they published a paper in Nature, using nanomaterials to prove the feasibility of lithium-sulfur batteries. In theory, sulfur is more competitive as a cathode material than lithium cobalt oxide currently used in lithium ion batteries. Because sulfur materials are abundant, they are light and inexpensive. But unfortunately, since sulfur dissolves into the electrolyte solution to form sulfides, the cathode made of sulfur is depleted after only a few weeks, resulting in battery failure.
Nazar's research team initially believed that porous carbon or graphene could stabilize polysulfides by trapping. But one turning point that made them unexpected is that this is not the case. The final answer is neither porous carbon nor porous graphene, but metal oxides.
Their initial research on metal oxides was published in the journal Nature Communications, published last August. Although researchers have since discovered that manganese dioxide nanosheets perform better than titanium dioxide, the new paper is mainly to clarify their working mechanism.
Nazar said: "Before developing new materials, you must focus on this phenomenon and find their operating mechanism." The researchers found that the chemical activity of the ultra-thin manganese dioxide nanosheet surface can better fix sulfur. The cathode is finally made into a high performance cathode material that can be recharged over 2000 cycles.
The researchers said that the chemical reaction on the surface of this material is similar to the chemical reaction in the Vaconrod's solution discovered in the Golden Age of German sulfur chemical in 1845. Nazar said: "The irony is that few scientists have even studied and even taught sulfur chemistry. So we have to look back a long time ago to understand this technology that could fundamentally change our future. ."
The first author of the paper, Xiao Liang (transliteration) and graduate student Connor Hart and Pang Quan (transliteration) also found that graphene oxide also has a similar working mechanism. They are currently investigating other oxides to determine the most effective sulfur-fixing materials.
It is reported that Professor Nazar will give a more detailed introduction to this lithium-sulfur battery technology at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
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