[China Aluminum Industry Network] This article presents the experimental setup and findings related to the thermal performance of an aluminum radiator under different flow conditions. The experiment was conducted in a real room environment, where the indoor temperature varied depending on outdoor weather, radiator configuration, and the supply water temperature and flow rate. Data collected included supply and return water temperatures, room temperature, and flow rate, with temperature measured using a platinum resistance sensor and flow measured via a turbine flow meter (3 series precision). A series of tests were carried out on an LLD-type aluminum convection radiator under both constant and variable flow conditions to analyze how heat dissipation relates to the calculated temperature difference. This radiator, produced by Tianjin Tailai HVAC Equipment Co., Ltd., is a hood-type unit made from aluminum tubes and aluminum fins. It was chosen for its low thermal inertia, rapid heating response, and clean internal structure, which reduces the risk of pipe blockage. These features make it well-suited for use in heat metering systems with variable flow control. The thermal characteristics of the radiator were analyzed through test results under both constant and variable flow scenarios. For example, at a constant flow of 50 kg/h, the supply water temperature was recorded along with the temperature difference and heat output. Similar data were obtained at a flow rate of 150 kg/h, as well as during variable flow testing. The results showed that heat dissipation varies with flow rate, especially at lower flow rates. This sensitivity is due to the radiator’s thermal properties, where smaller flows lead to more significant changes in heat output. Compared to single-pipe systems, double-pipe systems offer a larger temperature difference between inlet and outlet, resulting in a more responsive and adjustable heat output. When comparing the curves from fixed flow (15 kg/h) and variable flow tests, the results were relatively close, and the derived heat transfer formulas showed minimal differences. As the calculated temperature difference increased, the disparity between the two methods decreased. Under variable flow conditions, with a constant supply temperature, the flow through the radiator increases, leading to a higher calculated temperature difference. This suggests that the standard formula used for fixed flow can still be applied in variable flow systems when the flow rate is high. However, at low flow rates—especially when users adjust valves for energy savings—the original formula may need revision to better reflect actual performance. Currently, many heating systems operate with large flow rates and small temperature differences, deviating from design specifications. While this approach helps reduce issues like remote user temperature imbalances caused by hydraulic imbalance, it creates challenges for accurate heat metering. Large flow, small temperature difference operation works because, when flow exceeds 2–3 times the design flow, heat output becomes less sensitive to further flow changes. This insight could help improve system efficiency while maintaining comfort and accuracy in heat measurement.
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