Laser cutting is one of the most essential technologies in laser processing, widely used across industries such as automotive, rail manufacturing, aerospace, electronics, and metallurgy. It offers a variety of applications, including cutting, welding, heat treatment, and cladding. Among these, laser cutting makes up about 70% of industrial laser usage due to its speed, precision, and high-quality results. When paired with advanced CNC systems and machine tools, lasers deliver exceptional performance in both 2D and 3D cutting tasks.
In the rail manufacturing sector, complex vehicle structures are built from numerous basic parts. Ensuring the quality and dimensional accuracy of these parts is critical, especially for features like flatness, straightness, and edge finish. As the initial step in production, the cutting quality of the sheet directly impacts the final welding outcome. Fiber laser cutting has become a preferred solution in this industry, particularly for stainless steel body fabrication and bogie manufacturing, thanks to its efficiency, accuracy, and reliability.
**First, the Characteristics of Laser Cutting**
Laser cutting stands out among other cutting methods due to its small working area, narrow slit, minimal thermal distortion, high precision, and low noise. It’s also non-polluting and easily automated. Although the initial investment may be high, the cost per unit is significantly lower than traditional machining. Additionally, lasers can cut non-metallic materials. As an advanced manufacturing technique, laser cutting offers a wide range of applications, flexible processes, high precision, clean operations, and easy integration with automation, making it ideal for improving product quality and productivity.
**Second, CNC Fiber Laser Cutting Equipment**
Our company uses the G3015F CNC fiber laser cutting and machining center from Han's Laser. This system consists of hardware, software, and the laser itself.
**Equipment Hardware System**
1. The machine uses a gantry structure with imported gear racks and high-precision linear guides, ensuring stable and accurate movement.
2. The bed is fully welded, annealed, and vibration-aged to eliminate internal stress, offering excellent rigidity and long-term stability.
3. The beam is made from aluminum alloy, processed with high precision to ensure strong dynamic performance and light weight.
4. The X, Y, and Z axes use German Siemens high-torque servo motors, providing high speed, precision, and durability.
5. The cutting head is equipped with a special fiber laser head and a capacitive sensor from PRETECITE, offering high sensitivity and reliable performance.
6. High-precision electronic proportional valves control the cutting gas pressure accurately, improving cutting quality and convenience compared to manual regulators.
**Software System**
1. The PA8000 NC system runs on Windows and includes specialized modules for laser cutting, offering powerful functions and an intuitive interface.
2. Israel CNCCAD software enables full-time cutting, high-efficiency cutting, and high nesting rates, helping reduce material waste and improve productivity.
**Fiber Laser**
The machine is equipped with the YLS-2500 high-power fiber laser from IPG Photonics, known for its compact design, efficient cooling, and superior beam quality. Its optical path allows for easy installation and minimal space requirements.
**Third, Subway Bogie Anti-Slip Plate Cutting Case**
A typical example involves cutting a curved anti-slip plate made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, 8mm thick. The middle pin hole requires tight tolerance (35+0.1+0mm), and the cutting process must ensure smooth transitions. A 2.4 kW pulsed laser was used at 2.2 m/min, with a focal length of 0.12–0.25 mm. Practical tests confirmed that the results meet all required standards.
**Fourth, Conclusion**
Fiber laser cutting produces narrow slits (0.1–0.5 mm), minimal deformation, no burrs or wrinkles, and high precision (hole center distance error 0.1–0.4 mm, contour size error 0.1–0.5 mm). Surface quality is also excellent (Ra=12.5–25 μm). While slower than die punching, it eliminates mold costs and maintenance, saving time and reducing overall expenses. This makes it a more economical and efficient choice for many applications.
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