Wheat lodging is a common problem in agricultural fields, typically occurring in two forms: root lodging and stem lodging. Root lodging happens when the roots are weak, shallow, or not well-developed, making it difficult for the plant to support its above-ground parts. Stem lodging, on the other hand, occurs when the base of the stem lacks sufficient mechanical strength, often due to excessive growth between the first and second nodes. This type of lodging is commonly caused by overpopulation of plants or an excess of nitrogen fertilizer.
To prevent wheat from lodging, farmers must take a multi-faceted approach. In addition to selecting varieties with strong lodging resistance, improving soil preparation, and ensuring proper planting techniques, it is crucial to manage field conditions during the jointing stage of wheat growth. This period is critical for strengthening the plant's structure and reducing the risk of lodging.
First, fields where wheat has grown too vigorously should be controlled early. After spring, deep cultivation can help cut off some of the old roots, encouraging the growth of new, stronger roots that improve the plant’s ability to resist lodging. This practice also helps reduce the risk of excessive vegetative growth.
Second, careful management of fertilizers is essential. Farmers should avoid overusing green manure or splitting fertilizers, especially in areas with poor soil quality, late-sown fields, or weak seedlings. Reducing nitrogen application at the right time can help control plant growth and promote stronger stems, which are more resistant to lodging.
Third, the use of plant growth regulators can significantly enhance the effectiveness of lodging prevention strategies. Some commonly used options include:
1. Applying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder at a rate of 50 grams per acre, diluted in 50 kg of water and sprayed uniformly.
2. Spraying 25–50 ml of 50% chlormequat solution per acre mixed with 30–40 kg of water before the jointing stage.
3. Using 15–20 ml of mepiquat chloride or 3–5 grams of DPC powder per acre, mixed with 40 kg of water for spraying.
These practices, when implemented correctly, can greatly improve the structural integrity of wheat plants and reduce the likelihood of lodging. By combining these methods with good farming techniques, farmers can ensure healthier crops and better yields. It is important to monitor the crop regularly and adjust management practices as needed to achieve optimal results.
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