Laser technology plays a significant role in the leather industry, particularly for engraving and cutting applications. Common uses include shoe decoration, handbag design, leather gloves, bags, and various other leather products. The processes often involve creating small holes, surface patterns, or intricate cutting designs. Key requirements include maintaining a clean, non-yellowed surface along the engraved lines, ensuring the material's base color is visible after carving, and preventing blackened edges during leather cutting. The carved details should be sharp and clear. Materials used include synthetic leather, PU leather, PVC artificial leather, leather wool, semi-finished leather products, and different types of leather fabrics.
The engraving speed varies depending on the size of the design. For smaller patterns, the speed is typically around 0.8 meters per minute, while larger cutting patterns can run at 1.5 to 3 meters per minute. The laser power is set at 75% to ensure the leather is fully cut through. For more delicate materials like real leather, the speed is slower, ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 meters per minute, with a lower power setting of 60-75%. This helps avoid excessive burning, but it may result in an oxide layer forming at the cut edge, which is not desirable. In such cases, the edges are often treated by applying a blackening agent like plasticine. However, this process can leave behind an unpleasant smell, and there is currently no perfect solution to eliminate it entirely. Using nitrogen gas for cutting improves the quality by reducing oxidation and producing cleaner cuts, though it is a more expensive and slower method. Different types of leather require tailored approaches—for example, artificial leather can be marked after being lightly wetted, resulting in better visibility. To prevent discoloration on the cut surface, embossing techniques are often applied. Additionally, special treatments are needed to achieve the desired blackened edges.
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