Laser technology is widely applied in the leather industry for engraving and cutting purposes, such as in shoes, handbags, leather gloves, and various types of bags. Common production processes include creating small holes, surface hook lines, and intricate cutting patterns. The key requirements for these processes are: the hook line surface should not turn yellow, the material’s base color must be clearly carved, the edges of cut leather should remain clean without blackening, and the carving should be sharp and precise. Materials used include synthetic leather, PU leather, PVC artificial leather, leather wool, semi-finished products, and a variety of leather fabrics.
The engraving speed varies depending on the size of the design. For smaller patterns, the speed is typically slower, around 0.8 m/min. Larger patterns can be cut at a faster speed, ranging from 1.5 to 3 m/min. The laser power is set at 75% to ensure the leather is fully cut through. For dermis (real leather), the speed is slightly lower, between 0.4 to 1.2 m/min, with a laser intensity of 60-75%. Although it can cut through, the incision may develop an oxide layer, which is not desirable. The dermis needs to be blackened, making it challenging to meet the required standards. One common solution is to use plasticine to darken the edges after cutting, but this introduces an unpleasant smell. To date, no perfect solution has been found for this issue. Using nitrogen gas during cutting improves the result by preventing oxidation, but it is both slow and expensive.
Different types of leather require different cutting techniques. For example, artificial leather can be marked more effectively after being lightly wetted, resulting in better visibility. To prevent the leather surface from turning yellow, embossing is often used. Additionally, the edges of cut leather need special treatment to achieve a clean, black finish. These considerations make laser processing in the leather industry both complex and highly dependent on material type and desired outcome.
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