1. Rust Stains
Rust stains on stone surfaces are typically caused by iron-bearing minerals that oxidize and bleed out after processing. To prevent this, it's essential to apply proper surface treatment, such as using oil-based sealants, which help lock in these minerals and prevent them from reacting with the environment.
When dealing with existing rust stains, a rust remover is usually required. However, most rust removers are acidic, so it's important to test the stone first—especially materials like marble or dolomite that may be sensitive to acid. If needed, dilute the solution with water before applying it to avoid damaging the stone’s surface.
2. Water Stains and Wet Marks
Water stains often appear due to moisture absorption, especially in porous stones. One effective prevention method is to inject resin into the stone to make it waterproof. This helps reduce the risk of moisture interacting with internal materials, such as cement, and minimizes chemical reactions that can lead to staining.
Treating water stains usually involves using an infiltration dye to restore the stone’s natural color. Wet marks, which are difficult to remove once formed, remain a significant challenge in international stone conservation efforts. Early intervention is key to preventing long-term damage.
3. Baihua Phenomenon (Known as "Tears")
The Baihua phenomenon refers to white powdery deposits that appear on stone surfaces, often due to moisture and salt migration. To prevent this, it's crucial to apply an osmotic protective agent to all six sides of the stone after processing. This creates a barrier that stops moisture and salts from rising to the surface.
When treating Baihua, the first step is to rinse the cleaned stone thoroughly with water to neutralize any remaining chemicals. After drying, it's important to cure both the surface and joints of the stone to ensure long-lasting protection and stability.
For general cleaning, use high-oxygen, mild formulas that effectively remove rust, tea stains, straw stains, yellow spots, and metal oxides without harming the stone. Always choose products that are safe for the specific type of stone you're working with.
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