Northeast China is one of the major grain producing areas in the country. Liaoning Province is also an important source of fruit. At present, the northeast region is facing severe flood disasters. Now it is the heading and filling period of rice, the flowering stage of corn, and the pod-forming period of soybean. Most of the fields have been harvested, and apples are also maturing. We must take active actions to counter the flood disasters through reasonable fertilizer management and plant protection measures, and minimize the loss of natural disasters.
In flood-tolerant heading and filling stage, the flooding is prone to lodging. The long-term flooding of the leaves or fouling by sediment will affect photosynthesis and hinder grain filling. The damp and wet weather will also promote diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial blight. Breeding spread. Countermeasures: First, strengthen drainage. Dig trenches as early as possible to expose the rice to the surface of the water, but pay attention to the high temperature on a hot day, not to drain the water completely at one time; when the water is retreating, remove the floating objects with the water; when the water falls, immediately wash away Sticking the sediment of the stems and leaves. The second is proper fertilization. Spray 1 or 2 times of 0.2% phosphorus potassium solution. If the leaves are deficient yellow, spray 0.5% urea solution once or twice. However, note that nitrogen should not be excessive or too late. The third is to timely carry out chemical control according to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Corn is resistant to flowering and grainy corn is being grouted, and it is prone to lodging after flooding, resulting in reduced production. Countermeasures: First, clearing the ditch. Dredge the ditch, remove water from the field in time, and reduce soil moisture. The second is to support the seedlings. If lodging occurs, it is necessary to manually straighten the soil after the storm, and carry out the root cultivation; because the plant is tall, several plants can be bundled together, and the plants are erected and then loosened and the old leaves and dead leaves are removed to save nutrient loss and improve. Ventilation and light transmission conditions. The third is to apply fertilizer. Injury causes soil nutrient loss, which can be applied 5 to 10 kg per mu. For heavily flooded fields, 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed. The fourth is to carry out pest control. After the water accumulates in the field, the air humidity increases, and various pests and diseases are prone to occur. It is necessary to prevent and control in time.
Soybean is resistant to drought and is not afraid of drought. However, if the soil accumulates water for a long time, it will also hinder the absorption function of roots, induce pests and diseases, and cause production loss. Therefore, attention should be paid to field drainage and pest control. In the one-time stratified fertilization area, it is especially necessary to pay attention to whether there is de-fertilization in the later stage. If necessary, 0.5% to 1% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed for remediation.
Long-term flooding of fruit trees in the fruit trees can cause difficulty in root breathing, so that the function of absorbing nutrients and water is reduced or even lost, and the leaves are curled or even dried. Countermeasures: First, dig the drainage ditch. The groove width is about 80 cm, and the groove depth is not less than 60 cm to ensure that no water is accumulated in the main root layer. Pay attention to the slope, slope direction and spacing of the ditch to ensure smooth drainage. The second is to trim the branches. It is necessary to cut out dense branches, long branches and old branches in time to reduce water, nutrient and oxygen consumption, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce root burden. Note that if the damage is serious, you must first keep the fruit trees, so you have to slash the branches. The third is to prevent pests and diseases. The wet weather of the flood provides favorable conditions for the breeding of pests and diseases, pay attention to the disease and prevent it in time.
The basic characteristics of current crop anti-caries measures are: timely drainage, protection or restoration of the absorption function of crop roots, and proper provision of nutrients to enable crops to mature normally. This point has important reference value for other disaster-stricken areas in the country.
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