1 Foreign pork safety production and veterinary drug residue limit standards status
The safety of pork is closely related to human health. Therefore, the safety quality of pork has always belonged to the scope of government compulsory management, and it is regulated and restrained in the form of national laws. All countries in the world, especially economically developed countries, have established relatively complete legal systems, set up coordinated management institutions and strict product safety evaluation and testing systems, adopt advanced monitoring methods and strict management methods, and pay attention to the use of government supervision and social public opinion. The combination of supervision and control has achieved effective management results. So far, the United States, Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan and other countries have enacted food laws or food hygiene laws, and established their own food safety management systems. The meat safety and hygiene control strategies of the United States, the European Union, and Japan generally include animal health control, residue monitoring, and food-borne microbial monitoring.
1.1 Animal Health Control
Slaughtering and quarantining animals will not only lead to the spread of animal diseases. If animals suffer from zoonotic diseases or carriers of human conditional pathogens, they will directly threaten human health, and animal health conditions directly affect veterinary drugs. Use, has a very close relationship with the drug residue problem. Therefore, animal health plays an important role in the safety and hygiene control of meat. The United States has attempted to address animal health issues in meat safety and health control with a series of animal disease eradication, surveillance and prevention programs.
1.2 Animal-derived food residue monitoring system and implementation of
The United States and the European Union control harmful residues in food animals by establishing a comprehensive residue monitoring system and developing uniform procedures and guidelines. Residue monitoring of meat is an important part of the national residue monitoring program, which includes residues of veterinary drugs, pesticides and environmental pollutants. The National Residue Monitoring Program includes an annual residual monitoring sampling plan, specific items for determining residual monitoring, monitoring sampling, and implementation testing. Specific monitoring plans include: domestic veterinary drug monitoring programs and monitoring of special projects, veterinary drug residue monitoring programs for imported foods, monitoring of domestic pesticide residue monitoring programs and special projects for pesticide residues, monitoring of pesticide residues in imported foods, domestic and imported foods. Monitoring of environmental pollutants and special projects. The implementation of the residual monitoring program includes two sampling phases: the monitoring phase and the monitoring phase. During the monitoring period, the residue analysis is randomly sampled from the animal carcass tissue. The analysis results are used to predict the possible residual material hazard and can also be used to determine compliance with laws, regulations and monitoring measures.
1.3 Food-borne microbial monitoring
Due to the fundamental changes in the structure of food, especially the rapid increase in the variety of fast-food foods, food-borne diseases continue to threaten the food safety of American nationals. The statistical results show that the annual incidence of salmonellosis and Campylobacter is still at a high level. Therefore, how to scientifically and effectively control the contamination of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms is one of the major strategic tasks of the US USDA. Through the exchange with the Texas FSIS Training Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the current US USDA monitoring of raw meat and dairy products is an important indicator: the total number of bacteria used to determine the general pollution status of meat products; the coliform group is used to determine the processing process. Status of source pollution; pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157, Yersinia, and Campylobacter jejuni.
2 Relevant situation of veterinary drug use and safe production in domestic pig breeding process
There are two existing pig safety management systems in China: one is the administrative management system, which implements the administrative laws and regulations endowed by the state; the other is the technical supervision and management system, that is, the pork quality and safety monitoring and evaluation system, and the relevant technical regulations promulgated by the state. . On January 1, 1998, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention began to be implemented; after 13 years of practice, the Regulations on the Administration of Veterinary Drugs has entered the preparatory stage of raising the legal status of the Animal Drug Law; "Feed, Feed Additives" The administrative regulations and rules and regulations of the series of management regulations and other series are becoming more and more perfect. On the basis of administrative legislation, the State has promulgated a large number of technical regulations on veterinary epidemic prevention and quarantine, disease surveillance, veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives residues in animal foods. This provides a favorable guarantee for the implementation of the pork safety system. Although China has done a lot of legislation and supervision on food safety, food safety incidents still occur from time to time. The reason is that the current monitoring of pork safety in China still uses scattered feed, veterinary drugs and pig product testing systems, but does not form an online control safety guarantee system for the whole process of pork production such as HACCP.
In recent years, state functional departments, local governments, and enterprises have fully realized that the most effective way to solve food safety is to establish a safeguard system as soon as possible. Before the 1990s, in the international food trade, the determination of food quality relied on the inspection of the food itself. The end product is tested with the characteristics of “post-mortem autopsyâ€. Qualified unqualified depends on whether the sample is qualified; in the 1990s, in the international trade, the on-line control (on-1ine control) quality inspection method was gradually adopted, and the quality determined by the sample in the past was transferred to the quality of the terminal product by the production system. That is to say, the result is more important, and I believe that as long as the process is good, the result will naturally be good. This is a major shift in the concept of quality assessment. We must adapt to this change. Because of the establishment of a safety evaluation system for “evaluating the kitchen and the chef without evaluating a dish on the tableâ€, we must pay attention to the safety measures in the production process of livestock products, specifically from pigs. The variety (whether it is a genetically modified animal), feed, drinking water, environment, disease control, medication record, withdrawal period, the scope of drug use, green upstream products, green slaughtering processing environment, regulatory labels, etc. system. In all aspects of this security system, management methods that have been proven to be effective, such as HACCP, SSOP, GMP, and IS0 quality assurance certification systems, should be used as much as possible. Among them, HACCP is currently the most respected security quality assurance system.
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