Recently, the area density of the space-based solar power generation prototype jointly developed by the California Institute of Technology and Nuoge through the "Space-based Solar Initiative" project has been reduced from 1500 g / m2 to 600 g / m2, making it lighter and more efficient. Based solar power system goes one step further.
The US "Space-based Solar Initiative" power generation system operates in geostationary orbit, absorbs solar energy and converts it into radio frequency energy, and then transmits it wirelessly to the ground to generate electricity. The system structure adopts a modular and expandable design with a size of 3 km × 3 km. It consists of 2,500 ultra-light modules operating in orbit in formation flight. The size of the module is 60m × 60m. It is composed of a large number of foldable tiles with a length of 1.5m. Before entering the rail, it is folded into a cylinder with a diameter of 1m and a height of 1.5m. The tile is composed of tiles with a size of 10 cm × 10 cm. Each tile includes a power generation device, a DC-RF conversion and transmission device, and has timing control and thermal management functions. The entire power generation system will eventually consist of 900 million tiles. The system is equipped with an attitude control system to adjust the attitude of the module to ensure that one side is always facing the sun. The surface irradiated by sunlight is covered with a layer of nano-material structure to absorb solar energy, and another layer of structure converts it into radio frequency energy, which is transmitted to the ground via a directional wireless transmission device. The "Space-based Solar Initiative" project will gradually adopt the idea of ​​"first a small amount and then a large number of module formations" and "first low-track and then high-track verification" to gradually improve the technology maturity.
Conceptual diagram of tiles, tiles, modules and module formation flying
In space, sunlight is not affected by the atmosphere and limited by day and night, and solar energy is more than 10 times the surface. Since the late 1960s, American scientists have proposed the concept of "solar power satellites". Since then, many countries in the world have begun to study related technologies. In 2015, the California Institute of Technology and Norge signed an agreement to invest $ 17.5 million in research on space-based solar systems.
In May 2017, the first ultra-light integrated prototype capable of collecting solar energy and performing wireless transmission was verified, with a prototype surface density of 1500 g / m2. In December 2017, the second prototype was verified. The prototype integrates photovoltaic, energy transmission circuit and beam controller. The areal density is 1000 g / m2, which is 33% lighter than the first prototype. In 2018, the prototype completed the collection of solar energy, conversion of electrical energy, and wireless transmission tests, with an area density of 600 grams / square meter. In the future, the areal density of the power generation system will be reduced to 160 g / m2 and the power is 2 kW / kg, making the space-based solar power generation system more cost-competitive than the ground-based power generation system.
Space-based solar power system can solve the problems of ground energy shortage and power supply difficulties in remote areas. Once a breakthrough and low-cost deployment is achieved, it can not only provide continuous power for ground defense equipment, military and civilian buildings and facilities, but also provide power for large spacecraft To extend its service life.
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