According to a report from the Physicist Organization Network on May 29th, a team of researchers led by Rafael Verduzzi from Rice University and Angliqui Gomes from Penn State University has developed a new type of solar cell using bulk copolymers—self-assembling organic materials that can autonomously form distinct layers. Although the current photoelectric conversion efficiency of these cells is only 3%, it still outperforms other polymer-based solar cells. The researchers believe this innovative approach could open up a new area of research in solar technology. Their findings were recently published in *Nano Express*.
Verduz pointed out that while commercial silicon-based solar cells currently achieve around 20% efficiency, with lab models reaching up to 25%, efforts to develop polymer-based alternatives have been ongoing since the mid-1980s. These polymers are expected to significantly lower production costs. However, progress has been slow. A breakthrough came when a polymer/polyfullerene blend reached 10% efficiency, but polyfullerene itself proved difficult to handle.
Verduz explained, “Bulk copolymers show great potential for use in organic solar cells, yet few researchers have explored high-mass copolymers for high-performance devices. We believe that with the right materials and proper assembly conditions, we can create highly efficient solar cells.â€
At Rice University, researchers discovered that a specific bulk copolymer, P3HT-b-PFTBT, forms 16 nm-wide bands. What caught their attention was its natural ability to align perpendicularly on glass surfaces. They fabricated the copolymer on a glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate at 165°C. Then, they placed the copolymer at one end of a device developed by Penn State researchers and added an aluminum layer on the opposite side, creating a clear path for electron flow from top to bottom electrode.
Looking ahead, the team plans to test other bulk copolymers and explore ways to control their structure to enhance photon absorption and electricity generation. For now, their main focus is improving the performance of these new solar cells, as better performance will help address other challenges, such as long-term stability.
Verduz noted, “Encapsulating a solar cell to protect it from air and moisture is manageable, but protecting it from UV light is more challenging because it must be exposed to sunlight. That’s unavoidable.â€
The researchers hope that once they enhance the performance of these copolymer-based solar cells, they will find practical, long-term applications. (Liu Xia)
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