Soybean meal and fermented soybean meal are two important protein sources widely used in animal feed and food industries. Soybean meal is a by-product of soybean oil extraction, typically divided into solvent-extracted (soaked) and mechanically pressed (dipped) varieties. The quality of soybean meal depends heavily on the temperature control during processing. If the temperature is too high, it may reduce the protein content, while too low a temperature can increase moisture, affecting storage stability. Soaked soybean meal, which uses an advanced production process, is the most commonly traded variety in the domestic market.
According to national standards, soybean meal is classified into three grades: first-grade, second-grade, and third-grade. In the domestic spot market, approximately 10 million tons of soybean meal are processed annually, with first-grade accounting for about 20%, second-grade around 75%, and third-grade only 5%. Most feed mills use second-grade soybean meal, as it contains about 43% protein, making it the mainstream choice. First-grade is mainly used by large-scale feed producers, while third-grade is rarely utilized due to lower quality.
Soybean meal has a pale yellow to light brown color and a roasted soy flavor. Its main components include 40–48% protein, 2.5–3.0% lysine, 0.6–0.7% tryptophan, and 0.5–0.7% methionine. Fermented soybean meal, on the other hand, is produced through fermentation to improve digestibility and reduce anti-nutritional factors. It contains primarily protein and carbohydrates, with improved solubility and palatability.
The general processing of soybean meal involves steps such as decontamination, crushing, heating, pressing, and solvent extraction. Temperature control is critical throughout this process. Depending on whether the seed coat is removed, soybean meal can be either skinned or unskinned, with differences in protein levels. Fermented soybean meal is made by mixing soybean meal with water, cooking, inoculating, fermenting, drying, grinding, and packaging. Key equipment includes mixers, cookers, fermenters, fluidized dryers, grinders, and packaging machines.
Fermented soybean meal must meet specific quality criteria, including a protein solubility of over 95%, good palatability, and no bean-like taste. It offers several advantages, such as improved protein digestion, reduced anti-nutritional factors, and enhanced flavor, making it more suitable for young animals.
Soybean meal is the most widely used protein source in animal feed, particularly for poultry and pigs, due to its high amino acid content. It is also used in pet food, aquaculture, and even in cosmetics and health products. However, raw soybean meal contains anti-nutritional factors that can affect digestion. To address this, fermentation is a popular method to enhance digestibility and reduce harmful compounds.
In recent years, research has focused on extracting functional ingredients from soybean meal, such as isoflavones, bioactive proteins, and peptides. These extracts have potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and health supplements, further expanding the value of soybean meal beyond traditional feed use.
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Otis is the world's largest manufacturer and maintainer of people-moving products, including elevators, escalators and moving walkways. Founded more than 160 years ago by the inventor of the safety elevator, Otis offers products and services through its companies in more than 200 countries and territories, and maintains approximately 1.9 million elevators and escalators worldwide. Otis is a unit of United Technologies Corp., a leading provider to the aerospace and building systems industries worldwide
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People
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Nearly 66,000 employees globally with approximately 1,000 branch offices
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Revenue
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$12 billion in 2015
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Installed Base
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Approximately 2.6 million Otis® elevators and escalators in operation worldwide
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Service Base
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Approximately 1.9 million elevators and escalators serviced by Otis worldwide
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Countries
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Products sold and serviced in more than 200 countries and territories
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Manufacturing
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Major manufacturing facilities on four continents
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Engineering and Test Centers
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Otis has a network of research and engineering facilities and test towers around the world
Company's two tallest elevator test towers are located in Shibayama, Japan (505 feet or 154 meters above ground; 89 feet or 27 meters below ground) and Bristol, Conn., United States (384 feet or 117 meters above ground)
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CEP Elevator Products ( China ) Co., Ltd. , https://www.china-elevators.com