The use of chemical herbicides for weed control in paddy fields, dry land, or orchards offers several advantages such as low investment, quick results, and labor efficiency. Proper application can significantly improve crop yield and reduce manual weeding efforts.
1. Chemical Weeding in Rice Transplanting Fields
In rice transplanting fields, the main target is to control weeds during their first grassy peak. Commonly used herbicides include mixtures of acaricides and bensulfuron-methyl or pyrazosulfuron. These combinations help broaden the range of weeds controlled. Popular acaricides include butachlor, quinclorac, He Da Zhuang, Ai cut, and others. However, it's crucial to select herbicides carefully, especially in transplanting fields where safety is a priority. For example, herbicides containing acetochlor or metolachlor are only suitable for southern China’s rice fields and should not be used in northern regions.
　　 1. Herbicide Selection: This includes controlling annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds like valerian, cattle felt, ragweed, kohlrabi, tilapia, dwarf sage, squash, and sedge weeds. Suitable options include butachlor, quinclorac, Heda Zhuang, Ai, Tiancao, Caoke, and Miquan.
　　 2. Application Method: Use 20% isobutyl benzyl wettable powder at 25–30 g per acre, or 14% B • Benzyl wettable powder at 40–50 g per acre, or 25% B • Benzyl • A (Jingke Cao Xing) wettable powder at 20–25 g per acre. After transplanting, mix with 10 kg of fine soil and spread evenly. Maintain a shallow water layer of 3–5 cm during application and keep it for 5–7 days after treatment. Note that this is limited to southern rice fields.
② Herbicide Selection: 37.5% butyl benzyl wettable powder at 80–135 g per acre, or 10% butachlor particulate product at 500–600 g per acre, or 10% bensulfuron methyl wettable powder at 10–15 g per acre. Mix with 10–15 kg of fine soil and apply within 3–7 days after transplanting. Keep a shallow water layer of 3–5 cm and maintain it for 5–7 days post-application.
③ Herbicide Selection: 35% dichloro-benzyl wettable powder at 30–50 g per acre, or 50% dichloroquinoline wettable powder at 25–30 g per acre combined with 10% bensulfuron methyl wettable powder at 10–15 g per acre. Apply within 5–7 days after transplanting. Drain the field before application and maintain a shallow water layer of 3–5 cm for 1–2 days after treatment, keeping it for 5–7 days.
4. Select 18.2% grass herbicide at 30 g per acre, or 20% grass herbicide at 30 g per acre, or 26% total herbicide at 40 g per acre. Mix with 500 g of fine sand, coal ash, or flushed soil, then combine with 5–10 kg of fine sand or urea. Spread evenly 5–7 days after transplanting. Keep a 1-inch water layer in the field for 5–6 days after application to avoid submerging the rice heart and ensure no waterlogging occurs afterward.
　　 3. Notes: 1. These herbicides are specifically designed for paddy fields and must not be used on dry land or other rice fields to prevent phytotoxicity. 2. They are suitable for transplanting fields with seedlings over 30 days old and not for small seedlings. After application, the water depth must not submerge the rice heart. 4. Avoid using in fields with poor drainage. 5. Follow the instructions strictly; do not increase dosage arbitrarily. Ensure the field surface is flat and avoid dehydration after application.
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2. Chemical Weeding in Dry Land
　　 1. Herbicide Selection: Control of weeds in orchards, mulberry gardens, tea gardens, and dry cropland rotation fields (such as corn, flue-cured tobacco fields). Annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds like horse tang, foxtail, maiden, sorghum, white stalk, algae lotus, Bermuda, piglet, etc., can be controlled using 20% Hecai (paraquat), 41% glyphosate, 41% Roundup, 41% Ganquanchun, 41% Ganjing, or similar herbicides.
　　 2. Application Method: During the vigorous growth phase of weeds, spray the diluted herbicide evenly onto the leaves and stems. For annual weeds, use 100–150 ml per acre, and for perennial weeds, 150–200 ml per acre. The amount of water used is typically 30–40 kg per acre. In early autumn, late spring, and summer, the dose per acre is 200 ml, while in winter, it increases to 300 ml.
　　 3. Notes: (1) These herbicides are contact herbicides; avoid spraying them on crops to prevent phytotoxicity. (2) Do not mow or graze for 7–10 days after application. (3) If it rains within 4 hours of spraying, reapplication is necessary. In dry conditions, increase the water usage appropriately.
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