The use of chemical herbicides to manage weeds in paddy fields, dry land, or orchards can offer several benefits, such as low investment, quick results, and reduced labor. This method is particularly effective when applied correctly and at the right time.
1. Chemical Weeding in Rice Transplanting Fields
The primary target for weed control in rice transplanting and throwing fields is the first peak of grassy weeds. Commonly used herbicides include combinations of acaricides and bensulfuron-methyl or pyrazosulfuron. Mixing two types of herbicides helps expand the spectrum of weed control. Popular acaricides include butachlor, quinclorac, He Da Zhuang, Ai cut, and others. It's crucial to select herbicides carefully for safety, especially in throwing fields. For instance, herbicides containing acetochlor or metolachlor are suitable only for southern rice fields and should not be used in northern regions.
　　 1. Herbicide Selection: For controlling annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds like valerian, cattle felt, ragweed, kohlrabi, tilapia, dwarf sage, squash, and sedge, you can use products like butachlor, quinclorac, Heda Zhuang, Ai, Tiancao, Caoke, and Miquan. These are effective one-time applications in rice fields.
　　 2. Application Method: Use 20% iso-benzyl wettable powder at a rate of 25–30 g per acre, or 14% B • Benzyl wettable powder at 40–50 g per acre, or 25% B • Benzyl • A (Jingke Cao Xing) wettable powder at 20–25 g per acre. Apply after transplanting, 3–7 days later, mixing with 10 kg of fine soil and spreading evenly. Maintain a shallow water layer of 3–5 cm during application and keep it for 5–7 days afterward. Note that this is limited to southern rice fields.
　　 3. Herbicide Choice: Use 37.5% butyl benzyl wettable powder at 80–135 g per acre, or 10% butachlor particulate product at 500–600 g per acre, or 10% bensulfuron methyl wettable powder at 10–15 g per acre. Mix with 10–15 kg of fine soil and apply within 3–7 days after transplanting. Keep a 3–5 cm water layer during application and maintain it for 5–7 days afterward.
　　 4. Application: Select 18.2% grass herbicide at 30 g per acre, or 20% grass herbicide at 30 g per acre, or 26% total commercial volume at 40 g per acre. Mix with 500 g of fine sand, coal ash, or flushed soil and combine with 5–10 kg of fine sand or urea. Spread evenly 5–7 days after transplanting. Maintain a 1-inch water layer in the field for 5–6 days post-application to avoid waterlogging and ensure proper growth.
　　 3. Notes: 1. Herbicides are specifically designed for paddy fields and must not be used in dry land or other areas to prevent phytotoxicity. 2. Suitable for transplanting fields with seedlings over 30 days old. Not recommended for small seedlings. After application, the water level should not submerge the rice heart. 4. Avoid using in leaky fields. 5. Follow instructions strictly; do not increase dosage arbitrarily. Ensure the field is flat and maintain adequate water levels.
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2. Chemical Weeding in Dry Land
　　 1. Herbicide Selection: For controlling grasses and broadleaf weeds in orchards, mulberry gardens, tea gardens, and dry cropland rotations (such as corn or flue-cured tobacco fields), choose herbicides like 20% Hecai (paraquat), 41% glyphosate, 41% Roundup, 41% Ganquanchun, 41% Ganjing, or 41% paraquat. These are effective against various weeds including horse tang, foxtail, maiden, sorghum, white stalk, algae lotus, bermuda, and piglet.
　　 2. Application: During the vigorous growth period of weeds, spray the diluted herbicide evenly on the leaves and stems of the weeds. For annual weeds, use 100–150 ml per acre, and for perennial weeds, 150–200 ml per acre. Dilute with 30–40 kg of water. In early autumn, late spring, summer, and winter, adjust the amount accordingly—200 ml per acre in warmer seasons and 300 ml per acre in winter.
　　 3. Notes: (1) These herbicides are non-selective and should avoid spraying on crops to prevent damage. (2) Do not mow or graze for 7–10 days after application. (3) If it rains within 4 hours of spraying, reapplication is necessary. In dry conditions, increase the water volume appropriately.
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