Glyphosate application by farmers' friends can lead to phytotoxicity in rice fields, causing significant distress. The question is: how can this be resolved? Here are some effective rescue measures.
Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that should not be used in paddy fields. At a concentration of 1000 ppm, it can cause chlorosis and early death of rice plants. Even at a lower concentration of 300 ppm, it may not show visible yellowing but can trigger a range of physiological stress responses in the plant.
Symptoms include severe inhibition of heading, with no or deformed ears. Some plants may head normally, but the grains are often empty. In some cases, multiple tillers appear in the same location, with high-node tillers and roots. The flag leaves become shorter, sometimes only one-third to two-thirds the length of normal leaves. In later growth stages, the plants may appear dark green with no yellowing.
Agricultural experts have observed that low-concentration glyphosate damage causes stunted growth within 4–5 days after application. Leaves turn yellow, the base of the stem begins to rot, and the heart leaves wither. The leaves curl into a whip-like shape, forming a false heart. After about 7 days, more tillers develop, the plants grow thick and green, and aerial roots emerge from the base. During the young spike differentiation stage, main stem growth is inhibited, leading to shortened internodes and increased tillering. At the booting stage, many plants fail to head, and the stems turn pale brown or brown with necrotic tissue, though the leaves remain green.
An example of misuse was observed in single-season late rice, where the heart leaves turned dry the day after spraying, then revived at night, curled on the third day, turned yellow and died on the fourth, and the plants became dwarfed. After a week, more tillers emerged, and roots developed well. By day 10, aerial roots appeared along the stem, and young spikes formed at the top.
To reduce glyphosate phytotoxicity, immediate action is essential. Washing the plants with muddy water helps, as glyphosate becomes inactive when it contacts soil. In flooded fields, pouring water over the rice plants and repeating irrigation can wash away the chemical. Spraying gibberellin (920) can also promote ear development. Mix 1 gram of 920 powder with alcohol, then add 50–60 kg of water. Adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate or foliar treasure enhances the effect. Seven days later, apply urea to support recovery.
The primary cause of glyphosate injury is improper use, such as mixing it with other pesticides in unlabeled bottles. This leads to confusion and misuse, especially during the earing or booting stages. To prevent this, glyphosate should be sold in clearly labeled containers, and farmers must clean sprayers thoroughly after use. Avoid spraying on windy days to prevent drift.
The newly released "Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food" (GB2763-2014) significantly improves upon previous standards. It covers 387 pesticides across 284 food categories, including vegetables, fruits, grains, and processed products. The new standard includes 3,650 residue limits, up from 2,293, reflecting stricter regulations for safer food production. It aligns closely with international standards, ensuring better quality control and consumer protection.
This update promotes sustainable agricultural practices, enhances food safety, and supports global competitiveness. Farmers and suppliers must follow strict guidelines to avoid misuse and ensure compliance. Glyphosate should never be stored at home or used without proper precautions. Always purchase as needed, and clean equipment thoroughly after each use.
By following these steps, we can minimize harm and ensure healthier, safer rice production.
HDT Vicat softening temperature Tester
The HDT Vicat Softening Point Apparatus is a testing instrument used to determine the softening point of a material. It is commonly used in the plastics industry to evaluate the heat resistance and thermal stability of polymers.
The apparatus consists of a heating bath, a test specimen holder, and a needle or a flat-ended plunger. The test specimen is placed in the holder and immersed in the heated bath. The temperature is gradually increased at a specified rate, and the needle or plunger is applied to the specimen at regular intervals.
The softening point is determined by observing the point at which the needle or plunger penetrates a specified distance into the specimen. This indicates the temperature at which the material starts to soften and lose its dimensional stability.
The HDT Vicat softening point apparatus is designed to meet international standards, such as ISO 306 and ASTM D1525. It provides accurate and reliable results, allowing manufacturers to assess the suitability of materials for various applications and ensure product quality.
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