Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, can cause serious phytotoxicity in rice fields when applied by farmers or their associates. This issue has become a major concern for many, leading to stunted growth, deformed ears, and reduced yields. To address this problem, several rescue measures have been developed.
At concentrations as low as 300 ppm, glyphosate can trigger a range of adverse effects on rice plants. These include delayed heading, malformed panicles, excessive tillering, shortened flag leaves, and even plant death. At higher concentrations like 1000 ppm, the damage is more severe, causing chlorosis and early death of the plants.
Farmers who have experienced glyphosate injury often report symptoms such as yellowing leaves, root rot, and the formation of false hearts. In some cases, the plants appear normal initially but later show signs of distress. For example, after spraying during the tillering stage, the heart leaves may dry up and rehydrate at night, eventually turning yellow and dying. Over time, the plants may develop aerial roots and produce multiple heads, but the grain quality remains poor.
To mitigate these effects, immediate action is essential. One effective method is washing the affected rice with muddy water, which helps neutralize the herbicide. Another approach is to rinse the plants thoroughly with clean water, especially in low-lying fields. Additionally, applying gibberellin (920) can help promote ear development and improve recovery. A mixture of 1 gram of 920 powder dissolved in alcohol and diluted with 50–60 kg of water is recommended. Adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate or foliar nutrients can further enhance the results.
The main cause of glyphosate-related damage is often due to improper handling, such as using unmarked containers or mixing it with other pesticides. This can lead to accidental application at critical growth stages, increasing the risk of harm. The Chinese government has also updated its pesticide residue standards, significantly increasing the number of regulated substances to ensure food safety.
The new national standard, GB2763-2014, includes over 3,650 residue limits for 387 pesticides across 284 types of food products. It covers a wide range of agricultural products, including vegetables, fruits, grains, and processed foods. This update reflects a stronger commitment to food safety and aligns closely with international standards.
To prevent future incidents, it is crucial that manufacturers label glyphosate properly and use dedicated containers. Sales channels should avoid repackaging and selling glyphosate in mixed packages. Farmers are advised to use glyphosate only when necessary and to clean their sprayers thoroughly afterward. Avoiding application on windy days is also recommended to prevent drift.
By following these guidelines, farmers can reduce the risk of glyphosate injury and protect both their crops and the environment. Continued education and strict regulation will be key to ensuring the safe and responsible use of pesticides in agriculture.
Universal Tensile Testing Machine
A Universal Tensile Testing Machine, also known as a universal testing machine (UTM) or a materials testing machine, is a versatile instrument used to determine the mechanical properties of materials. It is commonly used in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and research laboratories.
The machine applies tension, compression, bending, and shear forces to test the strength, elasticity, and durability of various materials such as metals, plastics, textiles, rubber, ceramics, and composites. It can measure parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness.
A typical UTM consists of a load frame, grips or fixtures to hold the specimen, a load cell or force transducer to measure the applied force, and a displacement transducer to measure the deformation or displacement of the specimen. The machine is controlled by a computer or a control unit that allows the user to set the testing parameters and record the test data.
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