Cucumber melon is a common phenomenon in the cultivation process, which has a great influence on the quality and yield of cucumber. It is necessary to find out the cause and focus on prevention and treatment.
Cucumber melon symptoms
Cucumber melon refers to the phenomenon that female flowers can not continue to grow into commercial melons, and gradually yellowing and shedding. Such female flowers or melons are also called physiological wilting fruits or aborted fruits. The young melon starts to wilting and shrinking from the top, and the longitudinal ridges appear on the melon, and the inside of the fruit is mostly hollow. The melons generally occur in young fruit about 10cm long, but in some cases, larger melons may also be eliminated.
A small amount of cucumber (about 1/3) in cucumber is a normal phenomenon of self-regulation of plants. However, a large number of melons are abnormal, and it is often related to factors such as discomfort, improper management or abnormal weather.
What is the reason for cucumber melon
First, high temperature melon
The daytime temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 32%, and the nighttime temperature is higher than 18 °C, which will cause the photosynthesis of cucumber to be blocked, and the respiratory consumption will increase, resulting in malnutrition and melon. At the same time, the female flower can not develop normally, and the deformed melon appears.
In addition, in the early stage of cucumber and melon, the stems and leaves grow rapidly, and the melons grow slowly. If the temperature is more than 20% continuous for 2-3 consecutive nights, the nutrients will be transported to the stems and leaves, and the melons will appear to be long. A lot of melons will appear.
Second, the water and fertilizer are not good for melon
Photosynthesis is carried out by using roots to absorb water and fertilizer as raw materials, and the operation of butyl assimilation materials is also carried out using water as a medium. If the supply of water and fertilizer is insufficient, the photosynthesis products will be reduced, causing the melon. On the contrary, the high temperature at night, the high humidity, and the excess of nutrients such as nitrogen make the cucumber grow long, which is also an important reason for the melon.
Water and fertilizer conditions are not good for melon, which can occur in the life of cucumber, especially in the early stage of melon, the soil water content is less than 20% or more than 27%, which is easy to cause melon.
Third, low temperature, cloudy and melon
In early spring, the hours of sunshine are small. If you encounter continuous cloudy days, photosynthesis and root absorption capacity will be affected at low temperatures, resulting in malnutrition in the greenhouse and causing the melon.
In addition, if the temperature is high on cloudy days, especially at night, the amount of cucumber will increase and the nutrient consumption will increase, which will affect the transportation of nutrients to melons, so that the melons will stop growing and a large number of melons will appear.
Fourth, the density is too large
The root system of cucumber in the greenhouse is mainly concentrated in the near surface layer. When the density is too large, the root system will compete for soil nutrients. The stems and leaves of the aboveground plants will compete for space, which will cause light transmission in the shed, poor gas permeability and low photosynthesis efficiency. Insufficient supply, causing the melon.
V. Gas factor
It is easy to produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide in the shed. (Cucumber is more warm and light-resistant), and it is sensitive to the reaction of these harmful gases. If the concentration of harmful gases in the shed is too high, it will cause cucumber to turn into melons.
Six, pressure spray melon
It takes 6-10 days for the cucumber to bloom in the greenhouse, which is the best harvest period for the commercial melon. If the bottom melon is not harvested in time, it will absorb a large amount of assimilated substances, so that the supply of nutrients in the upper part of the cucumber is insufficient to cause the melon.
Seventh, pests and diseases
Serious occurrence of pests and diseases will affect the formation of photosynthesis products and the transport of nutrients in cucumbers, thus causing the melons. In addition, the use of pesticides to control cucumber pests and diseases, the cucumber will grow and develop toxic and stimulating effects on female flowers, and will also cause melons.
How to do a large amount of cucumber
1. Scientific use of plant growth regulators
The use of certain plant growth regulators to spray or dip melons in production is currently the most effective measure to prevent melons. Generally, 1-2 days after the flowering of the female flower of the cucumber, dip the melon or spray, which can accelerate the growth of the melon and prevent the melon from being cooled. The treatment concentration with phenylurea-type cytokinin was 5-10 mg/L, the treatment concentration of cytosolic lactone was 0.01 mg/L, and the treatment concentration of PCPA (p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) was 100 mg/L. When the cucumber is 7-8 leaves, a 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution is sprayed to protect the melon, and the melon can also be prevented from falling off.
2. Temperature adjustment and brightness enhancement
Tempering specifically refers to warming and temperature control. Warming is to prevent the emergence of melons in the winter or early spring production due to the low temperature of the greenhouse. In the production, the temperature of the greenhouse should be increased as much as possible, especially the ground temperature. The ground temperature should not be lower than 10 °C, and should generally be stable above 14 °C. On the one hand, it is necessary to build a solar greenhouse with good lighting and heat preservation properties, and completely use sunlight to absorb and store heat. On the other hand, the simple method is to embed corn stalks between rows or to spread corn stalks between rows when planting. The use of heat generated by the decomposition of corn stalks increases the ground temperature, and the effect is very good. Temperature control is to prevent the entry into the spring production, due to the high temperature caused by the melon. To ventilate in time, gradually increase the vent and ventilation time according to the temperature. The temperature during the day does not exceed 32 ° C, and the night temperature is not higher than 18 ° C. The addition of light is to ensure the minimum amount of light required in the shed, even on cloudy days, the curtain should be uncovered shortly before noon, so that the plants receive scattered light. Conditional installable agricultural infrared lamps fill light and increase temperature. The north wall of the greenhouse hangs back to the light curtain to increase the light intensity and increase the temperature.
3. Fertilization
For melons caused by low seedling temperature, foliar spray 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% glucose + 1% urea or Baoanling 15.5 mg / L produced by Anshan City Horticulture Institute can be used for prevention and treatment. Because of lack of fertilizer and water, the water should be timely and topdressed.
4. Plant adjustment
Mainly to coordinate vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In view of the phenomenon that the growth imbalance occurs due to untimely harvesting, which leads to the phenomenon of melons, it is necessary to timely collect melons, especially the root melons. Timely removal of malformed melons, sparse melons, and a kind of melons are caused by the length of stems and leaves. The reason why stems and leaves are long, is because the melons are too frequent, there are no melons growing vigorously on the plants, and most of the nutrients are supplied. When stems and leaves grow, the stems and leaves grow too vigorously, and the plants move toward a metabolic pathway dominated by vegetative growth. Nutrition does not give priority to the growth of melon strips. As a result, although the nutrition is sufficient, the melons are turned down. If you find that there are stems and leaves, you can delay the watering and topdressing, control plant growth, spray ethephon or 20mg / L of chlormequat to inhibit stems and leaves. However, the best way is to pay attention to the harvesting standards, which should be harvested in time, and the plants should be preserved with at least one vigorously growing melon, which is what the vegetable farmers said to make the cucumber plants "press long" to control the stems and leaves. .
5. Add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer
Reasonably increase the application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the shed to ensure the concentration of carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis of plants, promote assimilation, and prevent melons.
6. Prevention of pests and diseases
First of all, the melons that cannot be seated should be removed in time to avoid infection and spread the disease. It is important to timely and effectively prevent the occurrence and spread of various pests and diseases, and prevent malnutrition caused by various reasons.
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