The growth of crops in the natural environment, the changes in various weather and climate will cause different pests and diseases, so how much do you know about the main pests and diseases of grapes? Let's talk about the six major pests and diseases of grapes and how to prevent them today!
The six major pests and diseases of grapes are four major diseases: white rot, black pox, downy mildew, anthracnose and two major pests: root nodules, red spider pests.
First, white rot, what is the symptom of white rot disease? White rot, harming fruit, early ears, branches and leaves; the cob is the most susceptible part of infection. The ear disease begins with the ear stem or small fruit that is closer to the ground. Light brown water-stained lesions appeared in the affected part. Later, it gradually spread to the ear and the fruit. The whole ear is suspended on the vine, and it is not easy to fall off. Many grayish white protrusions are gradually changed from light brown to dark brown, and the soft rot fruit is easy to fall off. But there are also shrinking into a stiff fruit, and there are obvious edges and corners, hanging on the vines, not easy to fall off. When the weather is wet after the rain, black mucus flows from the diseased fruit spots. Then we must have some understanding of the prevention and control measures of white rot.
White rot prevention and control measures: The key period for the prevention and control of white rot is to focus on protecting the ear from the mid-July to mid-August in the rainy season after the flowering period. It can spray 1000×50% carbendazim, 800×50% antibacterial or 1:0.5:180 times Bordeaux mixture. Spray once every half month, spray a total of 4 to 5 times (add 6501 adhesive or washing powder when spraying), scientific practice proves that the diseased branches are completely cut off, the old skin is scraped off, and the diseased fruit and diseased leaves are removed in time. Diseased vines. Elimination of pathogens is also an important measure to reduce the incidence of disease. During the growing period, the lower part of the fruit is tied to ensure that the ear is about 30 cm away from the ground, which can also reduce the incidence.
Second, black pox, black pox is a common disease in farms, not only the grape will produce black pox disease, this disease will invade the ears, fruits, leaves and shoots, the newly growing young leaves after infection Polygonal lesions appear, and the veins of the veins stop growing, causing the leaves to shrink and deform. When the leaves are affected, there is a pale yellow color on the main vein that gradually turns into a grayish white lesion, and the diseased leaves are dry and perforated. The young fruit is brown spotted by the disease, and later becomes grayish white, slightly concave, red or purple on the edge, shaped like a bird's eye, and the disease is cracked in the later stage. The disease is small and sour. Sometimes the cob is ill, causing dysplasia of the whole ear, or even death. It will directly affect the growth of the grapes and cause the plants to wither.
Prevention and treatment of black pox: The key to the prevention and treatment of black pox is to catch two sprays before and after flowering. Spray 1:0.5:180 times Bordeaux mixture or 800×50% retort or 600×75% chlorothalonil. Spray 5 degrees of stone sulfur before spraying. When the winter shears, the diseased vines are completely cut off and the litter is removed. It is guaranteed that there will be no germs for wintering.
Third, downy mildew, downy mildew mainly harms leaves and shoots, and new knotted young fruit is also vulnerable to damage. When the leaves are onset, the translucent water-stained irregular lesions appear on the front, which are pale green or yellowish, and the lesions eventually turn yellow-brown or red-brown and dry. Adjacent lesions are connected into a polygonal large spot. At the same time, the back of the leaf grows grayish white frosty mildew. After the young shoots are killed, the growth stagnates, twists and even dies. When the young fruit is sick, gray-white downy mildew occurs on the fruit surface, and growth stops, cracks or falls off. The prevention and control measures for downy mildew are as follows.
Downy mildew prevention and control measures: From the onset of downy mildew to the serious stage of onset, the spraying of Podol liquid is carried out every two weeks for effective disinfection and sterilization, and it is necessary to clean the orchard before winter. The bacteria grow over the winter and spread the germs during the spring season.
Fourth, anthracnose, anthracnose mainly harms the fruit after coloring. The ear of the ear near the ground is the earliest onset. After the fruit is infected, gray-purple patches appear on the surface, and gradually become the lesions with shallow depth and rounded pattern in the middle. A few black small grain spots are faintly visible in the lesions. As the disease expands, the small black spots increase and are arranged in a back pattern. When the gas is wet, a pink viscose emerges from the small black spots. The diseased fruit particles are all soft and rot quickly, and finally become a rigid fruit, which is easy to fall off.
Control measures: Anthracnose is the peak incidence period in the summer from July to August. It is sprayed once every two weeks. 1:0.5:180 times Bordeaux mixture or 500×50%. : After harvesting, the diseased fruit on the branches is cleaned and buried.
Fifth, the root nodule pests, first talk to everyone about the symptoms of the insects of the root tumor, mainly to the roots. After the root is killed, a tumor is produced. It is fresh yellow at first, and then turns brown and rots, causing the leaves of the plants to turn yellow, the fruit to become smaller, the tree to weaken, and the yield quality to be obviously squatting. In severe cases, the whole plant can die. The body of the worm is soft and looks like a locust, but there is no abdominal tube in the abdomen.
Control measures, root nodules and pests are the current international quarantine objects, occupying a large influence on insect pests. When carrying out seedling planting, strict control should be carried out for disinfection, and the affected plants of the orchard should be removed and burned in time.
Six, red spider pests, red spider pests are the most common pests of grape cultivation, endangering leaves and ears. After the leaves are damaged, they show a lot of dark brown markings. After the ear is damaged, the stalk is black and becomes brittle and easy to break. The fruit is rust-colored after being damaged. The skin is rough and sometimes cracked, affecting fruit growth and coloration. For the control of red spider pests, the following measures can be taken
Control measures: During the spring germination, spraying at a low concentration of disinfectant can play a preventive role. The disease-causing period of red spiders is mainly concentrated in the summer of July and August. At this time, if the red spider disease is serious, spray it. Special and dicofol reagents for insecticidal control. And carry out orchard cleaning to prevent overwintering pest residues.
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