First, fertilization technology.
1. Base fertilizer application with nitrogen and phosphorus. Before sowing wheat, all the nitrogen and phosphorus should be applied as a base fertilizer, either alone or combined with seed fertilizer. No additional topdressing is needed during the growing season. This method is typically used in low-yield wheat fields with heavy soil, low rainfall, and poor irrigation conditions. It improves fertilizer efficiency, reduces labor costs, and lowers overall expenses. However, it is not suitable for high-yield areas with sandy soils, high groundwater levels, or where more intensive nutrient management is required.
2. "Pre-nitrogen shift" fertilization technique. Compared to traditional methods, this approach involves adjusting the timing of nitrogen application. Based on organic fertilizer, potassium, and other nutrients, the early nitrogen application (before winter or at regreening) is reduced, while the later application is moved from the regreening stage to the jointing or booting stage. This helps delay root and flag leaf senescence, enhances photosynthetic activity in the later growth stages, and ultimately increases wheat yield. This technique works best in high-fertility soils with good irrigation, where achieving a high number of ears per mu is easier, but grain number and weight per mu need improvement through balanced nutrient supply.
3. Enhanced "nitrogen and potassium" fertilization strategy. Different wheat yields require different nutrient inputs, depending on soil fertility. In low-yield fields, nitrogen and phosphorus are often deficient, and other elements may not yet show symptoms. Therefore, increasing nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial. In higher-yielding fields, the main challenge becomes balancing various nutrients, as the demand for minerals rises. According to research by Jie Xiaolei and others between 1995 and 2000, potassium was found to be a key limiting factor in many high-yield wheat fields, followed by zinc as a major micronutrient limitation. Manganese and boron also play important roles. Thus, stable nitrogen and phosphorus application along with potassium supplementation is essential for maximizing yield.
Second, recommended fertilizer amounts. Based on extensive research and field experience, for a yield of 500 kg per mu, the recommended amounts are 12-16 kg of nitrogen, 6-8 kg of phosphorus, and 5 kg of potassium per mu. The split ratio for nitrogen is 6:4 (base to topdressing). For a yield of 600 kg per mu, the amounts increase to 14-20 kg of nitrogen, 8-10 kg of phosphorus, and 10 kg of potassium, with a 5:5 split ratio. On medium fertility soils, the upper limits are recommended, while on high fertility soils, the lower limits can be used to avoid over-fertilization.
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