Fine soil preparation is essential for growing garlic in sandy soils that are deep, fertile, loose, and well-drained. Before planting, it is recommended to apply 1,000–1,500 kg of manure per acre, along with 50 kg of fertilizer. Deep plowing helps improve soil aeration and drainage, while creating raised beds (also known as "qi") that are about 2 meters wide.
Planting should be done from mid-August to mid-September, depending on market demand. Select high-quality white-skinned garlic varieties such as Chengdu, Ershui, or Jiading. Choose bulbs of similar size and plant them at a spacing of 12 cm between rows and 5 cm between plants. The depth of sowing should be around 3–4 cm, with a seed rate of approximately 250 kg per acre. Large bulbs can be planted individually, while smaller ones can be broadcasted. After sowing, cover the seeds with ash or mud to protect them from harsh weather conditions.
After the Qimiao stage, field management becomes crucial. Apply 1,500–2,000 kg of livestock manure per acre and 5 kg of urea. Before December, conduct 12 rounds of fertilization based on the growth of the plants. When the seedlings reach 10 cm in height, perform deep cultivation, and when they grow to 30 cm, combine weeding with cultivation. Ensure proper drainage during rainy or snowy days, and water the plants promptly during dry spells.
Common pests and diseases include gray mold, leaf blight, and stem rot. To control gray mold, use a solution of 40% thiophanate at a dilution of 800–1,000 times. For stem rot, spray the affected areas with the same solution. Garlic thrips are the main pests, and they can be managed by applying 50% phoxim at a rate of 1 kg per acre mixed with water.
Harvesting typically occurs in November, with the final harvest taking place in February. On average, farmers can expect a yield of around 2,000 kg per acre. Proper care and timely management throughout the growing season significantly contribute to higher yields and better quality garlic.
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