At present, the spring peanut planting has concluded, and the summer peanut sowing season is about to begin. Based on current climatic conditions and the growth cycle of peanuts, the Ministry of Agriculture's expert guidance team has developed technical recommendations for field management.
First, it is essential to strengthen field management. This includes timely seedling release, replanting, and clearing of branches. When the seedlings emerge, remove the soil or heap above the seeding line to expose the cotyledon nodes. If the seedlings cannot break through naturally, manually assist in breaking the membrane to release them. After seedlings have emerged, check regularly and replace any missing plants. The first step should be done when the main stem has 4 compound leaves, checking and lifting lateral branches that are buried under the film to ensure they grow vigorously. This process should be repeated 2-3 times before flowering.
Second, timely irrigation and drainage are crucial for drought prevention and flood control. During the seedling stage, spring and summer peanuts should not be watered excessively. A certain level of drought helps develop a strong root system and improves plant resilience. However, if there is severe drought, watering should be done promptly to protect the seedlings. The mid-growth period (flowering and pod formation) is the most sensitive time for water needs. When leaves wilt around noon, immediate watering is necessary. In the late growth stage (full fruiting), small amounts of water should be applied to prevent premature aging and aflatoxin contamination. Additionally, fields should maintain good drainage to avoid waterlogging.
Third, timely cultivation, topdressing, and weed control are important. After wheat harvest, wheat peanuts should be cultivated and weeded. For fields requiring additional nutrients, apply fertilizer along the sides of the peanut plants, then water and cultivate the soil. When the plants are close to the ridge, cut through the soil between the rows to make the ditches clear, the ridges fat, and the top concave, which encourages more fruiting pegs to develop properly.
Fourth, disease and pest control must be carried out promptly. When the leaf spot disease reaches 10%, spray with 60% Baitai wettable powder at 1500 times dilution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP at 500 times, and 43% tebuconazole at 1500 times. These should be sprayed 2-3 times with an interval of 10-15 days to control diseases such as leaf spot and net spot. Root-knot nematode can be controlled by applying 1.8% avermectin EC at 1000 times dilution. Foliar application of 1.8% avermectin EC at 2000-3000 times or 40% phoxim EC at 1000-1500 times can help manage pests like cotton bollworm and Spodoptera litura.
Fifth, controlling plant height is important. When the main stem reaches 30-35 cm (general field) or 35-40 cm (high yield field), use 5% uniconazole wettable powder at 40-50 g per acre (active ingredient 2-2.5 g) mixed with 35-40 kg of water for foliar spraying. If the main stem exceeds 45 cm, spray again once to promote better fruit set.
Sixth, external topdressing to prevent early aging is recommended. After entering the full fruiting stage, apply foliar nutrition with 120-150 g KHâ‚‚POâ‚„, 350-400 g urea, and 75% chlorothalonil WP at 70-80 g per acre, mixed in 35-40 kg of water. Spray twice with a 10-15 day interval to extend the functional period of the leaf area.
In addition, rational fertilization is crucial. Peanut is a legume crop, and the principle of fertilization should follow “fixed nitrogen, organic and inorganic combination; appropriate NPK, calcium, and micro-nutrient application; quick-release combined with slow-release, and skillful use of functional fertilizers.†For a yield of about 300 kg per mu, it requires 100-150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 18-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 7-8 kg of slow-release urea, and 6-7 kg of potassium sulfate. Apply calcium and trace element fertilizers every two years based on soil nutrient levels. Acidic soils benefit from physiological alkaline calcium-containing fertilizers like lime, while alkaline soils may use gypsum.
Mechanical operations should also be promoted. Manual planting is labor-intensive and costly, affecting efficiency. Promote mechanical harvesting techniques where suitable. Northern regions should focus on mechanical seed shelling, film seeding, and harvesting. Southern areas should adapt planting methods to fit mechanical operations. Technologies such as mechanical seed shelling, single-grain planting, and mechanical harvesting are being promoted.
Finally, selecting suitable varieties is important. Early-maturing, high-yield, and disease-resistant peanut varieties should be used for wheat and summer live peanuts. Planting should occur 15-20 days before wheat harvest, using a "human" frame to separate wheat and sow seeds. After the previous crop is harvested, summer live peanuts should be sown quickly, keeping the agricultural consumption period within 3-4 days. Seed treatment with a mixture of 30% chlorpyrifos, 2.5% imidacloprid, and other agents can prevent root rot and pests. High-yield planting involves specific spacing and ridge dimensions to maximize yield.
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